Second Ottoman constitutional period

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Meeting of the Ottoman Parliament in December 1908

As the second Ottoman constitutional period ( Ottoman ايکنجى مشروطيت İA İkinci Meşrutiyet ) in Ottoman history the period between the takeover of power by the Young Turks in 1908 and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War.

In 1908, against the resistance of the then Sultan Abdülhamid II. And conservative Islamic circles close to him, the constitution of 1876 was put into force again. The constitutional revolution of 1908 was welcomed enthusiastically primarily by the non-Muslim minorities. Elections to the House of Representatives took place throughout the empire . The instability of the regime was used by the European powers to push back Ottoman rule in the Balkans. The fear and mistrust of parts of the ruling Turkish elite, especially against the Christian minorities such as Greeks and Armenians , then culminated in the pogroms and expulsions that escalated to the genocide of the Armenians and the Assyrians during the First World War , as did during the Battle of Dardanelles in April In 1915 there was an imminent threat of an Allied invasion of the capital Constantinople (since 1930 Istanbul ), which at that time was largely inhabited by members of the minorities.

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