Bow brooch from Himlingøje

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The Himlingøje bow brooch (Himlingøje I) is a bow brooch with runic inscription , found at Himlingøje Sogn south of Køge on Zealand in Denmark . It is now in the National Museum in Copenhagen (inv. No. 3506).

The Himlingøje burial ground dates from the early 3rd century and is located near the Øresund . From 1829 onwards, numerous reading finds were found in a natural hill (Baunehøj) in the area of ​​the burial ground during gravel mining , including the rune-inscribed fibula found in 1835. The reading finds probably belonged to five graves.

The 10.2 cm long garment clasp is covered with gold-plated silver pressed sheet metal, profiled silver pins and a blue glass insert. The disc, which is usually located on the bracket, is missing. The needle is one of the “Mackeprang IX” bow brooches, which consist of a semicircular head plate, a ribbon-shaped bow with two distinctive kinks, a centrally placed round or oval disc and a rhombic base plate. The 7 to 12 mm high concealed inscription on the back of the rhombic footplate follows the length of the plate.

The fibula belongs to the group of splendid fibulae and is typologically comparable with the Swedish find by Gårdlösa and the Danish rosette fibula by Himlingøje II.

16 small Danish finds are inscribed with runes. The 13 easily identifiable bow brooches of the Mackeprang IX type are distributed across Denmark, southern Sweden and Norway. The fibula with the inscription "Hariso" is typologically assigned to the period from the early 3rd to the early 4th century AD. Investigations into pearl wire and pressed sheet metal deposits in Iron Age bog victims in southern Scandinavia indicate a date to the first half of the 3rd century.

The woman to whom the splendid primer was added undoubtedly belonged to the upper class, but the rest of the burial equipment is unknown. The burial ground at Himlingøje was the most important on Zealand in the early 3rd century AD, as the numerous richly decorated graves show. They suggest a nearby center of power with a zenith in the early 3rd century, which, however, has not yet been located. In the course of the 3rd century there was a shift in power to Gudme on Funen .

Find context

When looking at the 16 small Danish finds, it is noticeable that a number of rune-inscribed objects were only uncovered in the second half of the 20th century. BC (Himlingøje I, Himlingøje II, Nøvling, Næsbjerg, Skovgårde and Værløse), the importance of which was underlined again in the final publication of the Himlingøje burial ground.

See also

literature

  • Elmer H. Antonsen : A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1975, ISBN 3-484 60052-7 .
  • Ulla Lund Hansen, Marie Stoklund: Himlingøje . In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . 2nd supplemented and expanded edition. tape 14 . de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-11-016423-X , pp. 576-580 ( fee Germanic Altertumskunde Online at de Gruyter ).
  • Wolfgang Krause , Herbert Jankuhn : The runic inscriptions in the older Futhark. (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philosophical-Historical Class ); Series 3, No. 65.1 (text), No. 65.2 (panels). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1966.
  • Hans Kuhn : The old Germanic personal names of the Hariso type . In: Indogermanica. Festschrift for Wolfgang Krause . Heidelberg 1960, pp. 63-71.
  • Tineke Loojinga: Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions. (= The Northern World, 4). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2003, ISSN  1569-1462 , ISBN 90-04-12396-2 .
  • Robert Nedoma : Personal names in South Germanic runic inscriptions. Studies on old Germanic onomastics I, 1, 1. (= Indo-European library. 3rd row: Investigations). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 978-3-8253-1646-4 .

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