Baden women's association

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The Badischer Frauenverein was an interdenominational, non-partisan and non-profit organization by and for women. It existed from 1859 to 1937 and had its seat in Karlsruhe .

Founding history

Because of the danger that the Austro-Italian war could spread to the Grand Duchy of Baden through alliance obligations with Austria , the nineteen-year-old Duchess Grand Duchess Luise von Baden took the initiative of Karlsruhe citizens who wanted to found a women's association in Karlsruhe. On June 4, 1859, the Grand Duchess issued a memorandum in which the heads of the religious and political communities in Baden were asked to found women's associations. Mayors, priests, pastors and teachers subsequently drew attention to the threat of war in their communities and called on women to do volunteer work for the fatherland.

The association women were involved in welfare. The seat of the association was the then residence and later state capital Karlsruhe. The Badischer Frauenverein is one of the patriotic women's associations of the 19th century . Under the longstanding protectorate of the princess, it developed into the largest mass organization of women in the Grand Duchy of Baden. Men were involved in the structure of the association in an advisory and financing role, for example as an advisory board. The association was based on conservative values.

On December 9, 1937, the Baden Women's Association was officially dissolved with the Reich Law on the German Red Cross .

tasks

One of the founding tasks in wartime was to collect money, clothing and bandages to support the allied troops in the Austro-Italian war. After the end of the war , the ladies of the Badischer Frauenverein continued their work with peace tasks.

The Baden Women's Association achieved emancipatory effects by promoting female education, female gainful employment and nursing the sick and the elderly, as well as establishing the profession of nurse ; he created public spaces and spaces by and for women. The association achieved success in the sense of an institutionalization of female participation in state administrative bodies, for example in the poor commissions of the Baden municipalities, which had to accept women with a seat and vote since 1910.

After the turn of the century, care for the poor, those who had recently given birth and babies, for girls and workers who had left school, as well as the commitment to nursing and tuberculosis control were expanded. A crèche for needy mothers was set up in the Hildahaus in Karlsruhe .

The Sisterhood of the Baden Women's Association, the Luis Sisters , developed from Division IV of the Baden Women's Association. They were an independent sub-organization of the German Red Cross. In the event of war, the Luis Sisters were drafted to support the military medical service, sent to the front and "died the heroic" in the trenches.

The association's statutes testify to the commitment to improving the living conditions of women and girls. The advocacy of the unrestricted recognition of the human dignity of people of the female sex or the recognition of female culture and achievements of women were goals of the association. A democratically documented, unrestricted right to vote for women and men, regardless of social status and financial situation, was not the goal of the association. The patriotic Badischer Frauenverein separated itself from the proletarian women's movement and from the radical wing of the bourgeois women's movement. A general, equal and secret right to vote for all people, for which representatives of these women's organizations fought, was not on the agenda. The patronage by the reigning princess, however, promoted his social influence and the association's work brought about emancipatory effects.

Prominent representatives

The outstanding members of the Badischer Frauenverein include Karoline Bayer (1821–1903), who was drafted into hospital care in the war year 1870/71 and later became matron of the Luisenheilanstalt Heidelberg, and Pia Bauer (1881–1954), the nestor of oncological care in Germany . Her colleague Mathilde von Horn (1875–1943) moved into the stage right at the beginning of the First World War . Ernestine Thren (1899–1981) got into the Stalingrad pocket with her unit and did a lot to care for the sick in Heidelberg during a smallpox epidemic in 1963. Elisabeth Leist (1917–2001) was matron of the Luisenheilanstalt Heidelberg and archivist of the papers and documents left behind by the sisters of the Badischer Frauenverein. In 2000 she designed an exhibition for the 140th anniversary of the sisterhood.

Publications

Numerous writings were published by the Badischer Frauenverein, here is a selection:

  • About the teaching of female handicrafts at the elementary schools in Baden. Werth, establishment and measures to improve the same / presented on behalf of the Central Committee of the Baden Women's Association , Karlsruhe (Müller) 1869
  • Voluntary auxiliary work in the Grand Duchy of Baden in the war of 1870/71 , Karlsruhe (Braun) 1872
  • Badischer Frauenverein: History of the Badischer Frauenverein. Festschrift to celebrate the silver wedding of Her Royal Highnesses Grand Duke Friedrich and Grand Duchess Luise and the wedding of Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Victoria and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Oscar Gustav Adolf of Sweden and Norway on September 20, 1881 , Karlsruhe (G. Braun) 1881
  • Cookbook for the use of the cooking box , Karlsruhe (Müller) 1903
  • Badischer Frauenverein: History of the Badischer Frauenverein (1859–1906), 2nd revised and greatly increased edition, at the same time a commemorative publication to celebrate the golden wedding of Her Royal Highness Grand Duke Friedrich and Grand Duchess Luise on September 20, 1906 , Karlsruhe (CF Müller) 1906
  • Leaflet on rural nursing , Karlsruhe (Bad. Frauenverein) 1909
  • Badisches Kriegskochbuchlein. Waving for housewives during wartime / with the support of the Großh. Government issued by the Badischer Frauenverein. Modifications made by Emma Wundt. Karlsruhe (Müller) 1915
  • Military activity of the Badischer Frauenverein 1914-1919 Karlsruhe (Müller) 1919

literature

  • Susanne Asche: Care and emancipation - or racial hygiene . The women's movement in the Grand Duchy of Baden (Part 2). In: Susanne Jenisch (Ed.): Viewpoints. Results and perspectives of research on women's history in Baden-Württemberg , Series Frauenstudien Baden-Württemberg, 1993, pp. 132–143.
  • Kerstin Lutzer: The Badischer Frauenverein 1859-1918: Red Cross, Welfare and Women's Issues . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-17-017034-1 (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg: Series B, Research; Vol. 146)
  • Barbara Guttmann: The "peaceful war between the sexes". The women's movement in the Grand Duchy of Baden (Part 1). In: Susanne Jenisch (Ed.): Viewpoints. Results and perspectives of research on women's history in Baden-Württemberg , series of women's studies in Baden-Württemberg, 1993, pp. 124–132.
  • Kerstin Lutzer: The Badischer Frauenverein 1859-1918: Red Cross, Welfare and Women's Issues . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-17-017034-1 (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg: Series B, Research; Vol. 146)
  • Ilona Scheidle: Emancipation as a duty - Grand Duchess Luise von Baden. In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine , Volume 152, 2004, pp. 371–395.
  • Ilona Scheidle: Queering biography. Methodological considerations using the example of the biography of Grand Duchess Luise von Baden (1838–1923) . In: Susanne Blumesberger, Ilse Korotin, (Ed.): Biography research. Theoretical discourses and methodological concepts . Vienna 2012, pp. 488-513.
  • Lisa Sterr: The end of the Badischer Frauenverein. In: Stadtsarchiv Karlsruhe (ed.): Karlsruhe Women 1715–1945. A city story. Badenia Verlag, Karlsruhe 1992, pp. 328-333.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lisa Sterr: The end of the Badischer Frauenverein . In: Stadtsarchiv Karlsruhe (ed.): Karlsruhe Women 1715–1945. A city story . Badenia Verlag, Karlsruhe 1992, p. 328-333 .