Bagni di Craveggia

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Bagni di Craveggia (2010)
Newly created foot bath and bathtubs (2015)
Bagni as seen from the Italian customs barracks (2015)

The Bagni di Craveggia , in English Baths of Craveggia , are the ruins of an old bath with associated thermal spring (today's spring temperature of 28 ° C and spring discharge of 10 liters per minute). It is located in the Italian region of Piedmont , right on the border with the Swiss canton of Ticino .

location

The former spa is located at the back of the Onsernone Valley in the Acquacalda corridor , the lowest part of Alp Monfraccio, at around 980 m above sea level on the border with Switzerland . Administratively, the bath belongs to the municipality of Craveggia in Valle Vigezzo , the center of which is seven kilometers as the crow flies.

Today, the thermal spring is easiest to reach up the valley, but down the slope from the Ticino village of Spruga via a road with no driving and a ford in the Isorno or via a path approx. 100 m below it (with a narrow bridge to the abandoned Italian customs barracks). The shortest way to Craveggia is a southward path over the Bocchetta di Sant'Antonio (1841 m), which takes about 5 hours to complete.

history

Early mentions

The originally two thermal springs were mentioned for the first time indirectly in the phrase flumen de aqua calida (in German "warm water flow") on January 11, 1299 on the occasion of a land cession to the Locarno Orelli family of notables in Toceno . Obviously, the thermal springs had been known in the region for a long time. The first direct mention is found in a document from Craveggia from 1352, which speaks of the healing properties of water in rachitic and lymphatic diseases. Another mention followed in 1406.

Territorial Affiliation

For centuries, the area belonged to the Comune di Onsernone, which dates back to the High Middle Ages and has been a federal subject area ( Ennetbergische Vogteien ) since the late Middle Ages . From this community in the farthest Onsernone Valley, limited pasture and corresponding passage rights to the municipality of Craveggia have been granted since 1406 to the midsummer. B. the right of felling in the forests still the sovereignty (confirmed in the contract of the two communities of October 31, 1767).

In 1806/1807 the furthest valley was ceded to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy . The definitive Italian-Swiss border treaty was drawn up in the chapel of Acquacalda in 1807 ( Convenzione d'Acquacalda, including the final settlement of the claims of the Italian community of Dissimo, which today belongs to the community of Re in the Vigezzo Valley ).

Towards the end of the Second World War , the area belonged to the partisan republic of Ossola . On October 18 and 19, 1944, the Battaglia dei Bagni di Craveggia , a border incident between German-Italian fascists who pursued fleeing partisans, and the Swiss army took place here .

Destruction and restoration

In the avalanche winter of 1951 , an avalanche fell from the north (Swiss side) on the Bagni and almost completely destroyed it; only the basement of the bath building and the slightly higher chapel remained. Further damage was caused by the storm in 1978. After an Italian hydropower project that had not been implemented, two new pools (one with river water and one with thermal water) and two new tubs (which can be filled with thermal water) were opened on August 1, 2015.

literature

  • Priska Binz Nocco: Mineral water as a remedy. Medical-pharmaceutical aspects in the 19th and early 20th centuries with special consideration of the Canton of Ticino . Dissertation ETH , Zurich 2007 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Bagni di Craveggia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paolo Norsa (ed.): Invito alle Valle Vigezzo. Dante Giovannacci Editore, Domodossola, 1970, p. 134, on primary document: pergameno n.9, Vol. I, dell'Archivio comunale di Toceno.
  2. ↑ Raffaele Fattalini: L'Ossola e il Sempionen nei diari di Viaggio. In: Antonio Pagani (ed.): Terra d'Ossola. Lions Club, Domodossola, 2005, p. 255.
  3. ^ Rocco Ragazzoni: Analisi ed osservazioni sulle acque termali di Craveggia. Miglio, Novara 1823, p. 13; Giacomo Gubetta: Craveggia: Comune della Valle Vigezzo (Ossola) sue memorie antiche e modern. Porta, Domodossola 1891, p. 124.
  4. ↑ Lindoro Regolatti: Il Comune di Onsernone: ordinamento civile delle cinque antiche squadre. Mazzuconi, Lugano 1934, p. 13.
  5. ↑ Swiss Confederation: Repertory of the farewells of the federal diets from 1803 to the end of 1813 or during the period in which the mediation-based federal constitution was in force. Carl Rätzer, Bern, 1842, p. 182.
  6. ↑ Interpellation Abate from 2007 ; NZZ of November 18, 2010: The baths of Craveggia in the Onsernone Valley are being renovated: Renaissance at the end of the world
  7. ↑ Ticinonews website of August 2, 2015: Un successo di cooperazione transfrontaliera ; La Stampa newspaper of December 2, 2014: Alleanza tra Italia e Svizzera per il futuro dei Bagni di Craveggia .

Coordinates: 46 ° 11 ′ 54 ″  N , 8 ° 32 ′ 22 ″  E