Baillonella toxisperma
| Baillonella toxisperma | ||||||||||||
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Baillonella toxisperma |
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| Baillonella | ||||||||||||
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| Baillonella toxisperma | ||||||||||||
| Pierre |
Baillonella toxisperma is a tree in the sapote family from central to western Africa . It is the only species in the genus Baillonella .
description
Baillonella toxisperma grows as a very large, semi-evergreen tree with a very broad crown up to 60–70 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches 3–5 meters. The rough, very thick, brown to gray bark is furrowed. Only root approaches are formed, no buttress roots .
The simple, stalked leaves are arranged in a screw-like manner at the branch ends. The slender, partly hairy petiole is 3–4 inches long. The entire, acuminate to acuminate, tailed and obovate, -eilanzettlichen leaves are 15-30 centimeters long and 5-10 centimeters wide. There are larger, durable, ovate stipules . The younger leaves are hairy red on the underside and then bare.
The flowers appear in dense clusters at the end of the branch. The hermaphrodite, cream-colored to greenish-white flowers are stalked and with a double flower envelope . The 2–3 centimeter long peduncle is hairy reddish. The 8 outer reddish hairs, 1 centimeter long sepals stand in two circles. The overgrown, small crown has a short 2.5 millimeter long, hairy corolla tube with 8 longer, three-part lobes. Two lateral, projecting flap segments are larger, the middle, upright one is smaller. There are 8 short, free stamens and alternating 8 larger, hairy staminodes in the corolla tube. The long-haired, achtkammerige ovary is upper constant with a relatively short pen .
It forms 5-8 centimeters large, initially “frosted”, greenish to yellowish and roundish, one to two (three) seeded, smooth berries when ripe . The smooth, brown and shiny, ellipsoidal seeds are up to 4 centimeters in size, with a large stigma (hilum) on one side. The fragrant pulp is yellow.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Taxonomy
The first description of the genus Baillonella and the type Baillonella toxisperma was made in 1890 by Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre in Notes Bot. Sapot .: 14 synonyms are Baillonella obovata Pierre ex Dubard , Baillonella pierreana (English) A.Chev. , Mimusops djave Engl. , Mimusops obovata Engl. , Mimusops pierreana Engl.
use
The fruits are edible although they contain milk juice .
The fat from the seeds is used as edible fat (adjab, njave butter) or medicinally and cosmetically. It's similar to shea butter . The press residues from fat extraction are sometimes used as fish poison .
The rather heavy, hard wood is known as Moabi , Muabi or as African pearwood , African pear wood .
literature
- A. Engler : Monographs of African Plant Families and Genera. VIII: Sapotaceae , Engelmann, 1904, p. 81 f, T. XXXII, XXXIII, online at DigiZeitschriften.
- K. Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.VI: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons , Springer, 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-05714-4 , (Reprint), pp. 400, 402.
- Quentin Meunier, Carl Moumbogou, Jean-Louis Doucet: Les arbres utiles du Gabon. Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, 2015, ISBN 978-2-87016-134-0 , p. 278 f, limited preview in Google book search.
- O. Eyog Matig, O. Ndoye and others: Les fruitiers forestiers comestibles du Cameroun. IPGRI, 2006, ISBN 978-92-9043-707-9 , p. 147 ff.
Web links
- Baillonella toxisperma at PROTA.
- Baillonella toxisperma at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Moabi at The Wood Database.