Bakuninism

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Michail Bakunin (1814–1876) on a photograph by Nadar (1820–1910)

The Bakuninismus or Bakunismus is one of the directions of the anarchism , founded by the Russian anarchist and revolutionary Michail Bakunin (1814-1876). The name was not coined by Bakunin himself, but by his critics.

history

Mikhail Bakunin and his followers of anarchist social criticism (the "Bakuninists" and "Bakuninists", respectively) believed that federalism and self-government should replace state centralization and that capitalist oppression should be replaced by socialism and collective property. The state was particularly badly criticized. Bakunin believed that "where the state begins, the freedom of the individual ends and vice versa". Due to their attitude towards the state, he distinguished between Germanic peoples (more inclined to statehood, centralism and bureaucracy) on the one hand and Roman and Slavic peoples (more inclined to freedom and self-administration) on the other. Proponents of Bakuninism called for a social revolution that would destroy state institutions. Although the revolution must be prepared by secret societies of revolutionaries, it must be in its form a "spontaneous revolt" of "unskilled workers" (proletariat) in Europe and peasants in Russia. Bakuninism was widespread in France (especially during the time of the Paris Commune of 1871), Italy , Spain , Russia and other countries. According to Georgi Plekhanov (1856–1918) Bakuninism was a Russian form of Blanquism that was only characterized by the idealization of the Russian peasantry. Karl Marx turned against Proudhonism and Bakuninism, which can be traced back to the French social reformer and theorist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon . The Bakuninist supporters founded their own wing in the First International and opposed the supporters of Karl Marx there.

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Russian Бакунизм / Bakunism , scientific transliteration Bakunizm ; engl. Bakuninism or Bakunism
  2. ↑ "... where the state begins, the freedom of the individual ends, and vice versa." - graswurzel.net

literature

  • Article " BAKUNІZM " (author VV Golovko) in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine (online)
  • Michael Bakunin: “The revolutionary question. Federalism, socialism, anti-theologism. “Classic of the social revolt, volume 6. UNRAST-Verlag 2000 ( review by Markus Henning)
  • Michel Bakounine, œuvres: Fédéralisme, Socialisme et Antithéologisme - Lettres sur le patriotisme - Dieu et l'État, Ligaran, 2016, partial online view , digitized in the Bibliothèque sociologique 4 ( digitized )
  • Bakunism / N. Yu. Kolpinsky // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov. - 3rd edition - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978 // Бакунизм / Н. Ю. Колпинский // Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] / Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. - 3-е изд. - М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1969-1978.
  • Bakunism

Web links