Band ceramic settlement Göttingen-Grone

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The Bandkeramische Siedlung Göttingen-Grone is a Neolithic settlement and burial site of the Bandkeramische Kultur in Grone , a district of Göttingen in Lower Saxony . From about 5200 to 4900 BC. The existing settlement belonged to the first rural culture in Central Europe . Archaeological investigations were carried out between 1994 and 1997, which led to the uncovering of 32 house floor plans and 18 burials.

Reference

The site is on a south-east sloping slope with loess soil near several watercourses. These natural conditions were preferred in the Neolithic.

Research history

The town archeology of Göttingen had known the site for a long time, as ceramic shards were found during inspections . During the construction of a rain retention basin in 1994, the first excavations were carried out , which unearthed ceramic finds and findings . During the construction of a bypass road as the western bypass of Grone and the construction of a shopping center, major excavations took place between 1996 and 1997, covering an area of ​​25,000 m². Since the settlement has not been fully excavated, its overall size is unknown. Essentially, it was under the parking lots of today's shopping center. During the excavations, only the western and southern settlement borders were recorded. During the excavations, 2,600 findings were documented and around 20,000 ceramic shards weighing 200 kg were found. The dating of the settlement between 5200 and 4900 BC Chr. Is based on the evaluation of the find pottery.

building

The 32 longhouses discovered were up to 30 meters long and around 8 meters wide. The post pits were preserved up to 1.5 meters below the current surface. Due to soil erosion of the Neolithic was run horizon no longer exists. A 10 cm thick clay slab of a furnace with a diameter of 1.8 meters was found in a pit between two buildings. Originally there was a dome made of mud-coated wickerwork. The oven could be used for drying, roasting or baking.

The chemical soil conditions ensured good conservation conditions, so that post and storage pits as well as bone material have been well preserved due to the high lime content.

Burials

18 burials of men, women and children have been discovered within the settlement. The graves were between and near the houses. Such settlement burials are rare in Lower Saxony. The types of burial were sometimes unusual. Three deceased were buried in the prone position. A rare type of burial was a double grave, in which one individual was crouched and another deceased was placed on the prone. The skulls were together cheek to cheek. Another mysterious burial was a dead man, huddled together in a pit. He was missing his lower legs and feet and his left arm.

literature

  • Michael Geschwinde , Stefan Flindt: Living and Dying. Band ceramic settlement and burials in Göttingen-Grone in: A house from the Stone Age. Archaeological discoveries in the footsteps of early arable farmers in southern Lower Saxony (= guide to the prehistory and early history of Lower Saxony. 19 = archaeological writings of the district of Osterode am Harz. 1). Isensee, Oldenburg 1997, ISBN 3-89598-398-5 , pp. 59-63.
  • Betty Arndt: The dead and the living. A settlement and burial place of the linear ceramic culture in Göttingen-Grone in Archeology in Lower Saxony , 1998, pp. 16-20
  • Jochen Reinhard: The ceramics of the linear ceramics settlement Göttingen-Grone / Fachmarktzentrum , Freiburg im Breisgau, 2004, (Master's thesis) ( Online , pdf)
  • Jochen Reinhard: Göttingen-Grone. A settlement of band ceramics in the Leinetal ( online )
  • Jochen Reinhard: The flat ceramic settlement Göttingen-Grone. On the status of the processing in: Reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony 3/2007, pp. 107-109, ( online )

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '47 "  N , 9 ° 52' 57.4"  E