Bardylis

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Bardylis (* around 450 BC; † 358 BC ) was a king of the ancient Illyrian tribe . In old age he lost battle and life against the aspiring Macedonian king Philip II.

Life

The Illyrian tribe of Dardanians nationals Bardylis was of humble origin and to have been working as coal miners first. As a rebel he temporarily waged wars against the Illyrian king Syrrhas . He is believed to have been one of the Illyrian generals on that incursion into Macedonia , which began around 393 BC. And Amyntas III. cost the rule over his kingdom for some time. As king, like his predecessor, Bardylis pursued a militarily aggressive policy, but probably did not operate with an aristocratic army , but with an army consisting of professional warriors . He probably founded a dynasty and led the power of the Illyrians to blossom. Not only the Macedonians but also the Epirots had to pay tribute to him. As Perdiccas III. 360/359 BC BC undertook a campaign against the Illyrians to shake off their suzerainty, he was completely defeated in a battle of Bardylis and lost their lives together with 4000 Macedonians.

Now Philip II came to rule Macedonia. His country was very weak militarily and his government was threatened by several pretenders and external enemies. With regard to the Illyrians, he apparently first went through the negotiation path and took Bardylis' granddaughter or daughter Audata as his wife, who then took the name Eurydice . But just a year later the Macedonian king had consolidated his rule to such an extent that he could muster an army of 10,000 infantrymen and 6,000 cavalrymen, with which he moved against the Illyrians. Bardylis sought peace talks, but was not prepared to withdraw from all occupied areas of Macedonia as demanded by Philip II. Hence it came about in 358 BC. BC to a battle probably fought in the Lynkestis . Philip II commanded the right wing and attacked the opposing front with the foot soldiers, while the cavalry attacked the Illyrians from the flank and brought about the decision in favor of the Macedonians. The Illyrians suffered a heavy defeat, had to mourn 7,000 deaths including their very old king Bardylis and cede the territories east of Lake Ohrid up to the Lynkestis. Macedonia was thus able to free itself from the long-lasting Illyrian yoke.

Another Bardylis was probably the grandson of the Illyrian king treated here and, through his daughter Birkenna, the father-in-law of the Epirotian king Pyrrhus .

Modern times

Today the Illyrian name Bardylis is preserved in Albanian , u. a. as first name Bardhi ("the white one") and Bardhyl / Bardhyll ("white star"). Bardh and Bardhyl (l) are cognates of Bardylis.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Bardylis . In: Hellmut Brunner et al. (Ed.): Lexicon old cultures . 1st volume. Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim 1990, p. 286.
  2. ↑ Theopompos , fragment 35 = Cicero , de officiis 2, 40; see. Polybios 39, 2, 4.
  3. ↑ Diodorus 16, 2, 4f.
  4. ↑ Diodorus 16, 4, 4ff. and 16, 8, 1; Justin 7, 6, 7; Polyainos , Strategika 4, 2, 17; Lukian , macrob. 10; on this Hermann Bengtson , Philipp and Alexander the Great , Munich 1997, p. 54.
  5. ↑ Plutarch , Pyrrhos 9.
  6. ^ Pavle Ivić, 1985 Zbornik Šeste jugoslovenske onomastičke konferencije: Donji Milanovac , p. 59
  7. ↑ Alexandru Rosetti, 1973 Brève histoire de la langue roumaine des origines à nos jours , p. 52
  8. ↑ Stefan Schumacher & Joachim Matzinger, The Verbs of Old Albanian: Document Dictionary, Prehistory and Etymology (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 238.
  9. ↑ Bardhyl Demiraj: Albanian Etymologies: Studies on the Albanian hereditary vocabulary . In: Rodopi (Ed.): Leiden Studies in Indo-European . tape 7 . Amsterdam, Atlanta 1997, p. 206 ( Online [accessed August 18, 2019] English: Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon .).
  10. ↑ Stefan Schumacher & Joachim Matzinger, The Verbs of Old Albanian: Document Dictionary, Prehistory and Etymology (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 220.
personal data
SURNAME Bardylis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bardyllis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of the Illyrians
DATE OF BIRTH around 450 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 358 BC Chr.