Barqūq
Al-Malik az-Zāhir Saif ad-Dīn Barqūq ( Arabic الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق, DMG al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Saif ad-Dīn Barqūq , Egyptian-Arabic Barkok ; * 1339 ; † 1399 ) was 1382-1389 and 1390-1399 Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt .
Barquq (ie "plum") was of Circassian descent and began his ascent under Emir Yalbugha († 1366), the ruler of the Bahri sultans al-Mansur Muhammad and al-Ashraf Shaban , which is why he was nicknamed al-Yalbughawi . After he ascended the throne in 1382, Muslim legal scholars turned away from him, as an emerging movement among Muslims saw the Abbasid caliphs as legitimate rulers and wanted to reinstate them in their secular power. When a revolt of the northern Syrian emirs broke out, the situation for Barquq in Cairo became untenable and he fled to Kerak in the Jordan region in 1389 . The rebellious emirs installed Hajji II as sultan for the second time, but power struggles soon broke out among them.
So Barquq was able to beat his opponents in 1390 and re-run the government. With this he established the rule of the Burji Mamluks , which would last until the end of the empire in 1517. The previously dominant Bahri Mamluks lost their importance. Barquq initially succeeded in pacifying the country, suppressing the opposition of the other Mamluk emirs and suppressing the uprising in northern Syria. To consolidate his power, he founded a guard that consisted mainly of Greek, Turkish and Mongolian Mamluks. In order to alleviate the plight of the lower classes of the population, some taxes were lowered and welfare for the poorest expanded.
Under Barquq, science and art , especially literature, were promoted in the period that followed . So Barquq appointed Ibn Khaldun to Oberqādī of Cairo and supported the dissemination of mystical brotherhoods. During Barquq's rule, the country was hit again by several epidemics, which increasingly affected agriculture. At the end of his reign there was also tension with Timur Lenk . However, Barquq died before the outbreak of war in 1399. In his honor, the madrasah with tomb complex of the Sultan Barqūq was built. He was succeeded by his son Faraj (1399-1412).
literature
- Barḳūḳ, al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Sayf al-Dīn, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt , In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| al-Salih / al-Mansur Hajji II ( Bahri-Mamluken ) |
Sultan of Egypt 1382-1389 1390-1399 |
al-Muzaffar Hajji II ( Bahri-Mamluken ) Faraj ( Burji-Mamluken ) |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Barqūq |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Barquq; az-Zahir Saif ad-Din Barquq |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1339 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1399 |