Bartholomäus Schönebeck

Bartholomäus Schönebeck , also Schönbeck, (born January 6, 1548 in Stendal ; † February 17, 1605 ibid) was an influential merchant and councilor in Stendal.

Bartholomäus I Schönebeck, watercolor after a contemporary oil painting

Life

Bartholomäus Schönebeck was the son of Jacob Schönebeck, who became council chamberlain in 1555 and died in 1562. His mother was Gertrud Wittstock († March 2, 1581). Both graves were formerly in the Marienkirche. Jakob Schönebeck's funeral sermon by Caspar Stolzhagen is in the Dresden State Library.

Bartholomäus Schönebeck's first wife (oo Stendal January 18, 1575) was Elisabeth, the daughter of the Stendal council chamberlain Hans Fatmann. She died in Stendal on October 18, 1580 of the "breast epidemic" and was buried in the Marienkirche. Caspar Stolzhagen gave the funeral sermon in Magdeburg. In this marriage he had three sons; two died early, the third, Johannes (born November 28, 1579) “went to Dennemarck in 1612 and died there.” However, Johannes had a daughter Margarethe (approx. 1602–1669), who owned the mayor Jacob Ernst Stapel zu Bismark (1597– 1653) married and thus founded the one line of descendants, which is called the Johannes or Margaret line.

On August 29, 1581 Bartholomäus married the 16-year-old Margarethe Salzwedel, daughter of the Stendal Mayor Johannes Salzwedel. Her mother was Anna Krusemark. Since she died very early, she grew up with relatives, including Joachim Krusemark and his wife Margartha Demnitz (Dömenitz) in Perleberg.

The extensive business of the Schönebecks consisted mainly of agriculture, cloth trade ("lacquer trade") and brewery. At the beginning of each year the married couple sat down together and did their calculations, "since there was always a good facit, which God warmly thanked for it, and a little bit of the profit applied ad pias causas, the rest of which was diligently advised." Margaretha Salzwedel was “in the housekeeping and food ... her dear household and married life, a dedicated adjutant or companion, who not alone diligently safeguards what her dear husband learns and acquired, and future needs and for the benefit of the house payment laid back and held too close; Rather, it attacked the work itself and made it really tough for her. ”“ Gastereyen, Kindelbier and their children's weddings ”were generous.

From his estate, 4,500 thalers went to the Schönebeck Foundation , which came into being in 1607, was later expanded by donations and still exists today as the "Schönbeck Foundation Stendal".

Career in the Stendal Council

Bartholomew was elected to the council for the first time in 1575 and became mayor for the first time in 1596. The council consisted of four mayors (consuls), four chamberlains and "a number of councilors" (proconsuls). He changed at the beginning of each year by election. The election sessions took place with musicians playing in the colorful hall. There, on Sunday Rogate and on Sunday after Mauritius, the statutes were read out and weddings were celebrated in the presence of the council and the citizenry.

The town hall was rebuilt and expanded between 1570–97. Colorful glass windows were built into the colorful hall, which is now known as the small council chamber. Bekmann writes about this: "The windows are mostly adorned with beautiful coats of arms, and the assumption according to A. 1598, and at the beginning Elector Joachim Friedrich's reign was established because most of the supposed year is 1598." On the north side were the electoral, the Stendal coat of arms and that of the councilmen SM, Henning Floring, C. Joh. Salzwedel, C. Henrich Asseburg, S. Simon Wernicke. In the three western windows one could see the coats of arms of Elector Joachim Friedrich and of the other towns in the Altmark. In the six east windows, No. 5 was the coat of arms of Nikolaus Möring, Nikolaus Salzwedel, Buerenweber- und Bäckergilde and No. 6 that of the councilor at that time, first of all that of Bartholomäus Schönebeck. Today only the gothic carved wall of the hall on the south side is preserved. The rich equipment of the halls is no longer available.

Characteristic

The funeral sermons for Bartholomäus Schönebeck and Margarete Salzwedel were given by Daniel Schaller the Elder. Ä. (1550 / 51–1630), pastor at St. Mary's Church in Stendal. The deceased had “been in good trust and friendship with him for over 30 years.” He was “a very eloquent man, so that he was called the 'fifth mayor'; Because of his inclination towards Calvinism and the Reformed, he had to endure a lot of attacks, especially from the teaching staff and the other Stendal clergy [...], even from Arte. " He expressly did not praise him, since he was also a weak person. He even had the homage sermon dedicated to the Elector Johann Sigismund [...] printed so that he could learn more about his regent duties by reading it repeatedly. "

In the sermon, Schaller describes Schönebeck's real or alleged words on his deathbed, his conviction that death was approaching, which his wife did not want to share, his calm conscience and his life balance: “I and my housewife have left us bleeding, God has us The work of our hands and professions has also been richly blessed, for which I always warmly thanked God. ”For the public supper he dressed again and sat at a table. He died of "breast disease". Kuchenbuch compared Schaller's handwriting for the sermon to Bartholomäus Schönebeck with the printed version in the Berlin State Library and explained it despite some deviations from the original. The print, Magdeburg 1605, comprises 24 p., A preface and five poems: by Schaller, cathedral chaplain Magister Nikolaus Möring (father of daughter-in-law), school principal Mag.Josef Goeze, vice-principal Mag.Joh.Carstad (son-in-law) and teacher Adrian Lüdecke.

epitaph

Epitaph Bartholomäus I Schönebeck in the Marienkirche in Stendal

In 1602, Bartholomäus Schönebeck commissioned the Magdeburg sculptor Hans Klintsch to create his “corpse stone ”. He was 55 years old. The contract is in the Schönebeck archive in Stendal. It is the most elaborate of the tombs dealt with here: “The comportament, in which the grabs come, is made of pure white Pyrnschen [Pirna] sandstone, and a black slate is placed in the middle of it. And on the same two hay weapons [coats of arms], also from Albaster, as well as the Conterfey from the same stone, and the master should be sent a special list of the persons. ”It consists of alabaster, marble and white Pirna sandstone. Klintsch received 75 thalers for this.

The epitaph and the grave slabs set into the ground fill a separate chapel, which is closed with a wooden lattice from the period. The remains are definitely still under the plates (Inv. No. 44). An angel that was later ordered from Klintsch hangs on the ceiling.

The art historian Dieter Dolgner assesses the epitaph as follows: “Under the influence of Dutch mannerism, he [Klintsch] came to fantastic ornamental piles. But in spite of the richness of ornaments, the tectonic structure that is realized in the architectural elements is preserved. In the scenic reliefs with depictions of the Christian history of salvation, a tumult of figures, which is characteristic of German late Renaissance sculpture and staggered into several spatial layers, dominates. The case behind the protruding columns for the kneeling Stifter family already suggests design features that require the feeling of space of the baroque. "

In addition, a fragment of the grave slab of Anneke Schönebeck, a daughter of the couple who died prematurely († June 14, 1592), has been preserved in the floor of the Marienkirche (inv. No. 66).

progeny

From the Schönebeck-Salzwedel marriage there were eleven children, seven of whom survived:

• Gertrud, * November 30, 1583, oo Peter Schultze (1572–1626)
• Jacob, born November 29, 1588
• Bartholomäus II, born April 14, 1591, founder of the sword line A
• Maria, * February 2, 1594, oo Andreas Kohl
• Margaretha, * January 23, 1596, oo Justus Weiler
• Benedikt Schönebeck , born March 14, 1597 † February 5, 1665, founder of the sword line B
• Christoph Schönebeck , * June 13, 1601 † September 30, 1662, 2nd founder of the foundation

The descendants of these four sons are counted according to the linguistic usage at the time of the sword line, those of the three daughters to the spindle line. Since all of Jakob and Christoph's children died early, these lines became extinct with Christoph's death in 1662. The most famous descendants include the poet Karl Leberecht Immermann (spindle line A) and the theologian Friedrich Germanus Lüdke (sword line B). Today there are still descendants from six lines, the Margaret line, the sword lines A and B and the spindle lines A to C.

literature

• Daniel Schaller: Funeral sermon ... about the Sepultur of ... Bartholomaei Schonebeck , ... Magdeburg 1605
• Daniel Schaller: Exequiae Margarethae, viduae Bartholomaei Schönbecii ... Magdeburg 1612
• Extract fidei commissi des seel. Mr Bartholomaei Schönbecken ... as well as his posthumous widow, Fraz Margarethen Saltzwedels. Stendal 1722
• Johann Christoph Bekmann, Historical Description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg, Berlin 1751,: Bd. I, Sp. 176–178; Vol. 2, 1752. Chap. 2, col. 144f
• Susanne Paasch: Descendent list of Bartholomaeus Schön (e) beck senior. In: Kulturbund der DDR, Stadtleitung Magdeburg: Familienforschung heute, Mitteilungen der AG Genealogie, 1980, pp. 54–59
• Susanne Paasch: Light in the anonymity of the stones: handwriting of a Magdeburg sculptor from 1602 found. In: Volksstimme, Magdeburg, December 8, 1978
• Susanne Paasch: The Schönbeck Foundation in Stendal then and now, in: Family research today: Messages from the Working Group Genealogie, Magdeburg 1979, pp. 31–34
• Susanne Paasch: Epitaphs corpse stones and oil paintings in the Marienkirche in Stendal. Ms. 1967
• Dieter Dolgner: The Marienkirche in Stendal (The Christian monument 93). Berlin (East), 1975, p. 29
• F. Cake book: About funeral sermons of the Stendal clergyman Daniel Schaller the Elder. In: Contrib. Gesch. Landes- u. Volkskde. Altmark 7 (1941), p. 260