Bartonellosis

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Classification according to ICD-10
A44 Bartonellosis
A44.1 Systemic Bartonellosis
- Oroya Fever
A44.2 Cutaneous and mucocutaneous bartonellosis
- Verruga peruana (Verruga peruviana)
A44.8 Other forms of bartonellosis
A44.9 Bartonellosis, unspecified
A28.1 Cat scratch disease
K76.4 Peliosis hepatis
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The Bartonellosis are a group of rare bacterial infectious diseases caused by members of the genus Bartonella caused. Bartonellosis are predominantly transmitted from animals to humans and thus belong to the group of zoonoses . Its name is derived from Alberto Barton , who discovered the pathogen.

List of bartonellos and carriers

Bartonella species are adapted to one or a few mammals. Humans are the natural hosts for B. bacilliformis and B. quintana , and the diseases they cause have long been known. In 1990, B. henselae, another species of Bartonella that are pathogenic to humans, was detected, and more than ten species of Bartonella are known that are potentially pathogenic to humans.

Pathogen illness Occurrence Transmitter (vector)
Bartonella bacilliformis Oroya fever , Peru warts South America Sand fly
Bartonella quintana Volhyn fever

Bacillary angiomatosis

America, Europe, Africa lice
Bartonella henselae Cat scratch disease

Peliosis hepatis Bacillary angiomatosis

worldwide Cats or cat fleas
Bartonella rochalimaea Fever, skin lesions, splenomegaly Peru
Bartonella Elizabethae Infectious endocarditis Europe, USA, Asia unknown
Bartonella clarridgeiae CSD, sepsis, endocarditis Europe, USA, Asia
Bartonella keohlerae CSD, endocarditis United States
Bartonella vinsonii Fever, muscle and joint pain, endocarditis Europe, USA
Bartonella washoensis Fever, myocarditis United States

Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana could also cause disseminated infections, such as the CNS diseases meningitis and encephalitis, and, like Bartonella elizabethae, endocarditis.

Properties of the bacterial genus Bartonella

All bacteria in this genus are gram negative and aerobic . The cells are rod-shaped and small (sizes between 0.4 × 1.0 μm and 0.6 × 1.5 μm are found). The species B. bacilliformis moves with the help of flagella , the species B. quintana and B. henselae with pili . They are mostly found within endothelial cells or red blood cells (erythrocytes), but also on their cell walls. In contrast to rickettsiae, they are therefore not necessarily intracellular; they can also survive outside the host cells. This enables cultivation on an artificial nutrient medium. PCR tests are carried out to reliably differentiate the species .

Almost all antibiotic groups can be used against Bartonella .

Bartonella systematics

Bartonella belongs to the Bartonellaceae family , which was formerly part of the order Rickettsiales together with the Rickettsiaceae (Rickettsiae) . Bartonellaceae is currently assigned to the order Rhizobiales . Due to the earlier systematics, the bartonellosis were viewed as very closely related to the rickettsioses . The species B. quintana and B. henselae were previously listed under the genus Rochalimea .

literature

  • Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , pp 195-187 ( bartonellosis ).
  • Werner Koehler u. a. (Ed.): Medical Microbiology. 8th edition. Munich / Jena 2001, ISBN 3-437-41640-5 .
  • Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Eds.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . 7 volumes, 3rd edition. Springer-Verlag, New York a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0 , Volume 5: Proteobacteria: Alpha and Beta Subclasses. ISBN 0-387-25495-1 .
  • T. Grünewald, BR reputation: Bartonellos. In: Adam, Doerr, Link, Lode (Ed.): Die Infektiologie. 2004.
  • PE Velho, ML Cintra, AM Uthida-Tanaka, AM de Moraes, A. Mariotto: What do we (not) know about the human bartonellos? In: Braz J Infect Dis. 2003 Feb; 7 (1), pp. 1-6. Review. PMID 12807686 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ F. Iannino, S. Salucci, A. Di Provvido, A. Paolini, E. Ruggieri: Bartonella infections in humans dogs and cats. In: Veterinaria italiana. Volume 54, number 1, March 2018, pp. 63-72, doi : 10.12834 / VetIt.398.1883.2 , PMID 29631316 (review).
  2. ^ Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. 2009, p. 185 f.
  3. ↑ JM Rolain et al .: Recommendations for treatment of human infections caused by Bartonella spp. In: AAC. Volume 48, 2004, pp. 1921-1933.