Spitaltor (Schweinfurt)
Spitaltor was the name for three former city gates in Schweinfurt . The Inner Spitaltor, at the confluence of Spitalstrasse and Albrecht-Dürer-Platz, was finally demolished in 1567. The outer hospital gate, also called the Basteiturm , at the western end of the Steinweg (today: Schultesstraße) was demolished in 1880 as the last of the five (outer) Schweinfurt city gates. The middle hospital gate stood not far to the east of the outer hospital gate.
etymology
The outer hospital gate was named after the hospital Heilig Geist (also: Bürgerspital ), documented since 1364 , at the former hospital church of the Holy Spirit, which was replaced from 1897 to 1902 by today's Heilig-Geist-Kirche .
Locations
The five Schweinfurt city gates, which were all demolished in the 19th century , were (from the south on the Main counterclockwise) Brückentor , Mühltor , Obertor , Spitaltor and Fischertor . The hospital gate formed the western end of the city (today's old town ). From here the road leads via Oberndorf to Karlstadt (today's Bundesstraße 26 ) and Würzburg .
In connection with the hospital gates, there were a total of seven buildings in the city fortifications, but at no time were all of them standing at the same time. They are listed below from the inner old town to the west.
- The Inner Spitaltor was the western exit of the first city wall until the city was expanded in the 15th century (see: Old Town, City Expansion ). The foundations of the Inner Hospital Gate immediately east of Albrecht-Dürer-Platz, at the end of Spitalstrasse, between number 39 in the south and number 40 in the north, were found and the location was marked.
- The front gate in front of the central hospital gate stood 8 m in front of the long side of the demolished hospital church dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The gate was level with the left side of the main portal of today's church.
- The inner hospital tower was located between the front gate and the central hospital gate, in front of the north-western corner of the cemetery, today's old cemetery green area (for the exact location, see the picture gallery below).
- The central hospital gate was in front of the north-western area of the cemetery (see right picture for exact location).
- The outer hospital gate (also: outer hospital tower or bastion tower ; location see above coordinates) followed only 25 m after the middle hospital gate and was also in front of the north-western area of the cemetery. It stood between today's 17 Schultesstrasse, with the music school (formerly Steinwegschule ) and 19 Schultesstrasse, with the editorship building of the Schweinfurter Tagblatt and the adult education center (see picture on the right).
- The Spitaltorbrücke over the former, western city moat in front of the Outer Spitaltor was exposed again during the construction of the new building for the Schweinfurter Tagblatt and adult education center. The bridge runs under the building for a length of 20 m and is therefore shown again in today's cadastral plan.
- The front gate in front of the Spitaltorbrücke, on an island in the moat. From here a simpler bridge finally led to the western bank in front of the fortifications.
history
The Inner Hospital Gate was destroyed in the Second Margrave War in 1554, rebuilt by 1555 and finally demolished in 1567. The outer hospital gate was also damaged in the war, but was made passable again in the same year. A year later (1555) a watchtower, the Inner Hospital Tower, was built next to this gate. The gate tower of the outer hospital gate was demolished in 1563/64 and replaced by a new gate. In 1568 another wall with an archway was built in front of the central hospital gate (see: Lagen, Mittlere Spitalvortor ), so that this gate system now comprised three gates west of the former inner hospital gate, which protect the Protestant imperial city from enemy attacks in the direction of the rival bishopric of Würzburg should. In 1614/15 the outer hospital gate was replaced by a completely new building in the Renaissance style (also called the bastion tower ; see photo above). He played chorals at funerals in the neighboring cemetery until 1874.
The inner hospital tower was demolished in 1870 and the outer hospital gate in 1880, although the gate did not get in the way of traffic.
description
Outer hospital gate
For strategic reasons, the gate was not on the street axis of the stone path, as there was a bastion here, but to the south (on the top right of the picture). This left the road axis from the direction of Würzburg via a winding bypass road through the gate and then returned to the main axis.
Inner hospital tower
The Inner Spitalturm (at the Outer Spitaltor) was semicircular on the outskirts of town and flat on the town side. The watchtower only had small window hatches to the outside. On the city side, it had larger windows and a clock and formed the urban development end of the wide stone path, similar to the tower of the Obertor on the Kornmarkt.
- Area around the outer hospital gate
Bastion at the former Outer Spitaltor,
at the supplier entrance to the
Galeria Kaufhof
Exposed Spitaltorbrücke over the former moat. The bridge runs under the editorial building of the Schweinfurter Tagblatt
Parish office at the Holy Spirit Church.
The inner hospital tower was about 5 m away from the corner of the garden wall, in the direction of Schultesstrasse
Steinweg with (from left): Gate to the cemetery, Inner Spitalturm and Spitalkirche
Demolition of the hospital church in 1896, seen from Steinweg (see left photo)
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Paul Ultsch: Back then in Schweinfurt . Book and idea publishing company, Schweinfurt, ISBN 3-9800480-1-2 , p. 13 ff.
- ^ List of architectural monuments in Schweinfurt
- ↑ a b c d e f BayernAtlas: Historical map, cadastral plan sheet Schweinfurt (between 1833 and 1852), plan section of the outer and middle hospital gate. Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c See in the BayernAtlas the land register plans (are in the upper zoom levels) of the historical map and topographic map layers
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Topographic map, cadastral plan, plan section around the exposed, redrawn Spitaltorbrücke. Retrieved October 4, 2019 .
- ^ A b Matthias Merian : Topographia Germaniae ; Volume 9: Topographia Franconiae , plan of the imperial city of Schweinfurt, 2nd edition, Frankfurt am Main 1656 ff.
- ↑ Caption with incorrect information: In 1615, it was not the hospital tower that was built, but the new hospital gate to the left, only visible with the spire
Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 30.6 ″ N , 10 ° 13 ′ 48.8 ″ E