Bathypolypus
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| Bathypolypus | ||||||||||
| Cuvier , 1797 |
Bathypolypus is a genus of small to medium-sized octopuses . They live in the cold water areas of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic .
features
anatomy
The individual species reach different lengths and coat lengths . The total length can be between 10 and 25 centimeters, depending on the species. The coat is muscular and rounded and ovoid in all species. The suction cups are arranged in two rows. Enlarged suction cups are missing. In all species of this genus the third, right arm of the male is the Hectocotylus . Its length is 75–100% of the opposite arm and differs between the individual species. The ligula has a spoon-like shape. Bathypolypus have unequal arm lengths. In most species, the dorsal tentacles are the longest and increase in length towards the center. In some species, however, the ventral arms are the longest, followed by the median pair of tentacles. The lateral and dorsal arms are the shortest.
The funnel organ is V-shaped. The radula consists of nine elements, seven rows of teeth and edge plates. The posterior salivary glands are significantly smaller than the pharynx. Some species have a clearly visible goiter that forms a small branch of the esophagus . Ink pouches and anal flaps are absent from this genus.
Color and skin surface
Most species are purple to purple in color. Eye spots ( ocelli ) are not present. The dorsal mantle and forehead of the bathypolypuses have white spots. There is a single large papilla above each eye. The surface of the skin is usually covered with large warts. The genus has a skin ridge around the lateral edge of the mantle.
habitat
The Bathypolypus species are deep-sea cold water species. They live in the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. Bathypolypus are benthic species that occur at a depth of up to 1,545 meters below sea level. But you can ascend to a depth of up to 20 meters.
Taxonomy and systematics
The scientific name Bathypolypus is made up of the Greek term bathýs (βαθύς) for "deep" and the Latin word polypus , which was formed from the ancient Greek word polýpous (πολύπους).
The current system (2015) includes seven types:
- Bathypolypus arcticus (separated into two subspecies up to 2014, but then synonymous.)
- Bathypolypus bairdii (synonymouswith Benthoctopus piscatorum in 2002.)
- Bathypolypus ergasticus (since 2014, originally listed as Benthoctopus ergasticus )
- Bathypolypus pugniger
- Bathypolypus rubrostictus
- Bathypolypus sponsalis
- Bathypolypus valdiviae
The previously recognized species Bathypolypus faeroensis , Bathypolypus grimpei , Bathypolypus lentus , Bathypolypus proschi and Bathypolypus sasakii were identified and synonymous in two cases as Bathypolypus arcticus , in two cases as Bathypolypus bairdii and in one case as Bathypolypus valdiviae .
The species Sasakiopus salebrosus does not belong to the genus, but it is often incorrectly referred to as Bathypolypus salebrosus .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of cephalopod species known to date (p. 85)
- ↑ a b c d World Register of Marine Species - Bathypolypus
- ^ Jorgensen EM, Strugnell JM & Allcock AL (2010): "Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new genus of octopus". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76 (1): 57-66. doi : 10.1093 / mollus / eyp046 .