Tree nursery JL Schiebler & Sohn
The nursery JL Schiebler & Sohn was a nursery and tree nursery in Celle founded in 1775 and closed in the 1930s. It was managed by five generations of gardeners from the Schiebler and Ebermann family and, towards the end of the company's history, comprised a cultivated area of more than 100 hectares.
Company history
Foundation by Johann Ludwig Schiebler
The founder of the Schiebler tree nursery, Johann Ludwig Schiebler (* 1751 in Spandau, † February 1833 in Celle), was the son of a forester from Spandau . The father recognized his interest in horticulture and made it possible for him to train as a gardener with the court gardener Zopf in Monbijou . After training and a few years as a gardener's assistant, he was employed as garden master by Prince Ernst zu Mecklenburg-Strelitz , the governor of Celle, on whose behalf he traveled to England, France and Holland in order to train there. He laid out the Celle Prinzengarten for his employer and took care of the gardening. The Prinzengarten was widely recognized and was described in detail by Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld in his book Theory of Garden Art. Today only a small remnant remains of it, on which the Celle city cemetery is housed.
When Ernst zu Mecklenburg-Strelitz, an honorary member of the Celle Agricultural Society founded in 1764, left Celle, the director suggested Schiebler to set up a commercial gardening company. This proposal was also supported by Albrecht Daniel Thaer , with whom Schiebler was close friends. In 1775, Johann Ludwig Schiebler founded the Schieblersche commercial nursery, whose headquarters were at Lüneburger Strasse 16 in Celle, on an area of about one acre that the prince left him with a gardener's apartment. It was the first nursery in the Kingdom of Hanover to concentrate on growing seeds for vegetables and flowers. Schiebler also remained administrator of the Prinzengarten.
In the following years he steadily expanded the area of the nursery through land acquisitions. In Eicklingen , two hours away , he set up a tree nursery in which he cultivated ornamental trees, berry bushes and fruit trees. After the lordly tree nursery founded in Herrenhausen in 1767, it was the second tree nursery in the Kingdom of Hanover. The harsh winter of 1789/90 destroyed almost the entire tree population of the nursery, so that Schiebler had to completely rebuild it. He decided to relocate this and use an area closer to his Celle property. At that time, the Schiebler nursery covered 29 acres .
Expansion by Johann Heinrich Ebermann
Schiebler remained unmarried, but had a foster son, Johann Heinrich Ebermann (* 1787, † 1864). He learned the trade of gardener from 1803 with the court gardener Richter in Mirow in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. After completing his apprenticeship, he spent a few years traveling and in 1808 joined the business of his foster father, who from then on called the company JL Schiebler & Sohn .
In 1817 Schiebler sold the nursery to his foster son for a price of 6,500 thalers as well as free food and accommodation for life. Even after Schiebler's death in 1833, Ebermann continued to run the business under the name JL Schiebler & Sohn and expanded it through constant land purchases, for example. B. in Altenhagen. In 1835 the grounds of the nursery were valued at 12,600 Thalers.
In 1823 the nursery published the first catalog. This did not yet contain a list of varieties, but only listed the species that were for sale, including mainly fruit trees, but also numerous ornamental trees. It was not until 1834 that the first catalog appeared with a complete list of names; this contained about 120 apple and 50 pear varieties. In the years that followed, the nursery published an annual catalog and began shipping plants.
Ebermann set up seed defeats in various provincial towns. With the reform of the hunting law in 1848 , the game population had been greatly reduced, so that it was possible to create tree nursery areas without fences as game protection. The area of the tree nursery could be expanded again by acquiring adjacent fields. The nursery thus covered an area of 35 acres for the fruit nursery, one acre for cultivating vines and 26 acres for cultivating forest and avenue trees.
Johann Ludwig Ebermann was married and had five children with his wife. According to his grandfather's wishes, his eldest son Jakob Friedrich Ludwig Ebermann (born November 16, 1810, † November 29, 1882) also became a gardener. He joined the gardening business in 1837, which father and son ran together from then on, before Johann Ludwig Ebermann retired completely from the business in 1849. He died of old age in 1864.
Jakob Friedrich Ludwig Ebermann (called Louis Schiebler)
Jakob Friedrich Ludwig Ebermann completed an apprenticeship as a gardener in the nursery of the Herrenhausen Gardens and worked as an assistant on the Pfaueninsel in Potsdam from 1832 and in the Botanical Garden in Munich from 1835 onwards. Here he attended lectures by the botanists Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini and trained in the culture of exotic plants. He then worked as a gardener in Johann Konrad Rosenthal's nursery in Vienna.
During his traveling years he traveled to Styria, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and worked, among other things, for six months in a tree nursery near Paris before traveling to England, Ireland and Scotland, as well as Holland and Belgium. In 1837 he finally entered his father's nursery. Here he dedicated himself particularly to the cultivation and reproduction of newly introduced plants. He tried to expand the tree nursery, put on greenhouses, introduced perennial cultures and cultivated a very extensive range of ornamental trees and roses. Under him, the company was awarded the title of Royal Seed Shop and Tree Nursery .
Like his father and his foster father, Ludwig Ebermann also expanded the cultivation area of the nursery by purchasing land. In 1847 he bought the so-called Marwedels Garden for 1400 Thaler, on which there was also a house that was used as an apartment for the gardener's head gardener. In 1857 a plot of land was added east of Altenhagen as well as several pieces of land on the so-called Bauernkamp. In 1861 he acquired the Dannheimskoppel for 300 Thaler, in 1866 the so-called Blankische Land for 700 Thaler, in 1864 a paddock in Bauernkamp and in 1873 two plots of land near the Prinzengarten. Finally, he swapped a heather in Starkshorn near Eschede for the former Tannholz estate. He had the 110-acre property rigolen and drained and planted a ten-acre orchard here. He gradually moved the fruit tree nursery to Tannholz, while conifers and ornamental trees were cultivated in the original tree nursery in Celle.
From 1845 on, the tree nursery JL Schiebler & Sohn also laid out gardens and parks on behalf of private individuals.
In 1849 Johann Heinrich Ebermann withdrew completely from the company, which from then on was headed by Ludwig Ebermann. In the same year he succeeded in signing a contract with the railroad management, according to which trees and living plants, for which previously had to be paid twice the freight price, were transported at a single freight rate. This gave the nursery's mail order business a significant boost, with plants being shipped to Russia and North America.
The Schieblerschen nursery employed 70 to 80 people in the summer and 30 to 40 in the winter.
Ludwig Ebermann was also involved as a citizen of the city of Celle. He was a co-founder of the savings and loan fund of the district of Celle. He was a Freemason and, as Master of the Chair, was a member of the Celle Lodge Zum Hellleuchtenden Stern . As a member of the National Liberal Party , he was elected as a member of the Hanover State Parliament in 1874. He was a Knight of the Royal Order of the Crown.
Ludwig Ebermann was a founding member of the German Pomologists Association , of which he was a member from 1877 on. He maintained a large orchard in which he propagated the types of fruit recommended for cultivation by the pomologists' association. In addition, he also planted the varieties proposed for testing by the association in order to check whether they were suitable for cultivation.
Since the nursery continued to operate under the name JLSchiebler & Sohn , Ludwig Ebermann was often referred to as Schiebler. When the King of Hanover visited the Schieblersche tree nursery and addressed Ebermann by the name Schiebler, the latter corrected the mistake, whereupon the king asked him to submit a request for a renaming. This was granted in 1859, which is why Ludwig Ebermann officially used the name Ludwig Schiebler from that point on, although he only rarely used the name himself. He was often referred to as Louis Schiebler.
Jakob Friedrich Ludwig Ebermann died on November 29, 1882 and was buried in the family cemetery he had set up on Gut Tannholz.
Heinrich and Ludwig Schiebler
Heinrich Schiebler (* 1840, † February 25, 1889), Ludwig Ebermann's eldest son, attended grammar school in Celle and then completed an apprenticeship as a gardener on Pfaueninsel in Potsdam. Then worked as a gardener's assistant in the Welfengarten in Herrenhausen and in the Behrens tree nursery in Travemünde. During his traveling years he traveled to England and Scotland, where he worked for a year at the Lawson & Son nursery in Edinburgh. From there he brought English potato varieties with him to Germany.
He was a member of the German Agricultural Society, for whose 100th anniversary he wrote a commemorative publication. With the proceeds of the Festschrift he financed a trip through Germany, Switzerland, France and Algiers, about which he later gave lectures and published a book.
In 1860 he joined the family's nursery business, so that at that time three generations of Schiebler were active in the company. When Ludwig Schiebler was elected to the state parliament in 1874, Heinrich Schiebler initially continued the business alone,
His younger brother Ludwig (born September 3, 1851 in Celle, † September 16, 1895) also trained as a gardener after graduating from high school in 1866. After a two-year apprenticeship in the palace gardening shop of Count Bernstorf zu Gartow near Uelzen, he had attended the Royal Gardening School at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam for two years . After a year of military service, he traveled to Belgium, Holland and England for further training before joining the family business in 1877.
The brothers steadily expanded the business and carried out further land purchases. Heinrich Schiebler finally succeeded in linking the Roland, which merged the individual tree nursery lots.
Heinrich Schiebler was an active promoter of fruit growing. In 1887 he was one of the founding members of the Hannoversche Obstbauverein, whose secretary and treasurer he was elected. He was an excellent connoisseur of fruit varieties and was a judge at exhibitions at home and abroad.
He is also involved in community politics, for example he was mayor for twelve years. When he died in 1889 after a long period of suffering, his brother Ludwig, who had previously headed the commercial department as well as the department for Samenbaz, continued to run the company alone, which at that time had an area of 85 hectares.
After his marriage he initially lived at Gut Tannholz, but after the death of his brother he moved to the parent company on Lüneburger Straße. Ludwig Schiebler was married and had 10 children.
He died in 1895 after suffering a stroke three months earlier on a trip to Holland. His widow initially tried to run the tree nursery on her own, but had to give up Gut Tannholz. She died the following year. The Royal Garden Inspector Jonathan Kaehler, who had attended the Royal Gardening School in Potsdam with Ludwig Schiebler, took over the guardianship of the ten orphans as foster father from 1897 to 1899 and also acted as managing director of the nursery. However, he could not stop the company's further decline. From 1902 Hermann Belz was appointed managing director, he managed to revive the company until 1908.
Ludwig Schiebler
From 1909 Ludwig Schiebler (born August 25, 1882 in Tannholz), the eldest son of the late Ludwig Schiebler II, ran the tree nursery. After attending grammar school in Celle, he completed an apprenticeship as a gardener at the Timm & Co. nursery in Elmshorn. He then worked for a year as an assistant in the Hanisch tree nursery in Leipzig and then attended the higher horticultural school in Dresden for four semesters. Before he took over his parents' gardening, he first worked as a horticultural technician in the municipal garden administration of the city of Hanover, where he directed the second expansion of the Stöcken city cemetery from 1901–02 . In 1909 he took over his father's tree nursery.
He served as a lieutenant in Reserve Infantry Regiment 201 during World War I and has been missing since the Battle of Malmaison on October 23, 1917, and was finally declared dead in 1918.
In 1919 the company became the property of the city of Celle. It was initially continued by an administrator. The lands, which covered an area of over 100 hectares and stretched from Lüneburger Strasse in Celle to Groß Hehlen and Vorwerk, were finally destroyed by the city in the late 1930s. Most of it was used as arable land, and part of it was also used for the construction of the city cemetery. The former headquarters of the nursery at Lüneburger Strasse 16 had to give way to the expansion of the General Hospital in Celle.
Today in Celle the Schieblerstraße behind the city cemetery reminds of the former Schiebler'sche tree nursery.
Horticultural services and plant breeding
The nursery JL Schiebler und Sohn is responsible for numerous innovations in horticulture. As part of their horticultural training, all generations of their leaders took trips to other European countries to learn about new cultivation techniques and plant breeding.
The Schiebler nursery owes its importance to important innovations, particularly in potato cultivation. Johann Ludwig Schiebler was the first to introduce the cultivation of potatoes in arable fields; previously this was only cultivated on a smaller scale in gardens. For this achievement he was awarded a medal by the Royal Agricultural Society. As a reaction to the spread of late blight in Europe from the 1840s, Ludwig Ebermann introduced the resistant potato variety Viktoria from the Irish potato grower William Paterson in Germany in 1865 . Later on, the Schiebler nursery also became Paterson's main marketer for the other potato varieties in Germany, where the varieties became known as Paterson's potatoes .
Schiebler'sche Gärtnerei also became known for the breeding of numerous new varieties in the field of fruit and ornamental trees, as well as vegetable growing. In the Schiebler nursery, the Schiebler's Mörgenröte pea variety and Schiebler's new sugar beetroot were grown. In terms of fruit varieties, the Schiebler'sche nursery can be traced back to Schiebler's red egg plum , Schiebler's Herbstborsdorfer and Schiebler's pigeon apple , which was grown from a seed in 1864 . In addition to a dwarf spruce ( Picea excelsa Cellensis ), the conifers Picea orientalis Schiebleriana and Thuja gracilis Schiebleri as well as the ball horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum 'Umbraculifera' ), which is characterized by a completely round crown, are cultivars of the Schiebler tree nursery.
The nursery worked closely with various foreign tree nurseries and nurseries and introduced numerous cultivars from them to the German market. For example, Laxton's supreme pea sensors from the Laxton nursery.
The nursery also tried to spread new special crops. Johann Ludwig Schiebler carried out cultivation trials with tobacco and the Chilean oil plant Madia sativa in order to test their suitability for the climate of the area. Ludwig Ebermann established clover cultivation in Germany.
The Schiebler tree nursery worked together with various foreign tree nurseries and introduced numerous vegetable varieties from them to the German market, including Laxton's suprem pea sensors from the Laxton nursery. In 1852 Ludwig Ebermann introduced the asparagus variety New English Giant Asparagus .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Joh. H. Ebermann. In: Weekly of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States for Horticulture and Herbology. No. 8, 1864, p. 57
- ↑ a b c A walk. In: Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung: magazine for garden and flower lovers, for art and commercial gardeners. Published by Robert Kittler, Hamburg 1864, Volume 20, pp. 390–392
- ↑ The princely garden in front of the cell. In: Theory of garden art. Volume 3, MG Weidmanns Erben und Reich, Leipzig 1780, pp. 248-251
- ^ A b c H. Dehning: Personal-Nachrichten. In: The garden art. Verlag der Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin 1900, p. 224
- ↑ a b c J. Fritzgärtner: Louis Schiebler. In: Pomological monthly books - magazine for the promotion and enhancement of fruit science, fruit culture and fruit use. Verlag von Eugen Ulmer, 9th year Stuttgart, 1883, p. 97f
- ↑ a b c Entry on Jakob Fr. Ludwig Ebermann, 1810 - 1882 ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the homepage of the Celle Masonic Lodge Zum hellleuchtenden Stern , accessed on March 20, 2015
- ↑ 45. Gut Tannholz. In: Cosima Bellersen Quirini: 100 special places in Celle. Publisher epubli, 2014
- ↑ a b c Ludwig Schiebler †. In: Journal of Horticulture and Garden Art. Organ of the Association of German Garden Artists. 13th year No. 49, Neudamm 1895, p. 389
- ↑ Personnel and club news: Hannoverscher Obstbauverein. In: Garden flora magazine for garden and flower science. Volume 36, published by Paul Parey, Berlin 1887, p. 680
- ↑ Schiebler Ludwig (Tannholz, Celle). Entry in World War I casualty lists from November 29, 1917, page 21,850, accessed on March 21, 2015
- ↑ Schiebler Ludwig (Tannholz, Celle). Entry in World War I casualty lists from June 20, 1917, page 24,446, accessed on March 21, 2015
- ↑ a b c New vegetables and strawberries from the Schiebler u. Son in Celle. In: Weekly of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Königl. Prussian states for horticulture and botany. No. 15, born in 1870, published by Wiegandt and Hempel, Berlin 1870, p. 119
- ↑ L. Beissner: Communications on Conifers. In: Communications of the German Dendrological Society. No. 12, Bonn-Poppelsdorf, 1902, p. 58
- ↑ All sorts of horticulture and botany In: Weekly of the association for the promotion of horticulture in the Königl. Prussian states for horticulture and botany. No. 17, born in 1870, published by Wiegandt and Hempel, Berlin 1870, pp. 131–133.
- ↑ JL Schiebler: Cultivation and use of the new oil plant: Madia sativa, the seeds of which are available from the gardener JL Schiebler and Son in Celle. 1839
- ^ Advertisement giant asparagus In: New general German garden and flower newspaper. Volume 8, published by Robert Kittler, Hamburg 1852, p. 96
