Bena (musical instrument)

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Bena (from Latin avena "wheat, reed, reed ") is a traditional Sardinian wind instrument with a simple reed . In some areas of Sardinia the related launeddas are called benas . In the Media Valle del Tirso , however, a separate type of instrument has been preserved, which is more similar to the reed pipes from other regions of the Mediterranean . Benas have the characteristic, intense sound of the idioglotten single reed instruments . The reed is completely enclosed by the oral cavity when playing. There are benas in various designs and sizes.

Bena semplice

The bena semplice ("simple bena ") can be made of one piece, that is, the opening tongue is cut into the pipe by an upward cut below a natural knot so that the lower end swings freely (kataglott). Up to four round finger holes can be drilled or burned with a hot iron in this tube (three on the front and a thumb hole). However, you can also attach your own idioglottes reed to the sound tube, which can be exchanged if necessary. The melody tube can be made in several parts in order to lengthen it. Sometimes a rectangular opening is made at the lower end with a knife .

If a simple bena a bell is added from sheep or cow horn, the volume and are timbre changed, but not the mood. This is how bena cun corru or bena cun corru ´e boe is created . If a hollowed out, dried pumpkin is used as a bell , the instrument is called bena cun zucca or bena cun croccoriga .

Benas double / triple

Especially in the Barigadu , several pipes are connected with tape or other fastenings to form doubled instruments. They have a shorter melody and a longer drone tube . The (idioglotten) reeds correspond to those of the launeddas . However, they are not tuned with lumps of wax, but only by scraping (roughly). A hair or a cotton thread is pushed under the tongue if it "closes". The length varies between 12 and 30 cm depending on the mood and diameter. There are also triple instruments with one melody and two drone tubes.

history

A phallic bronze statuette found in Sardinia documents a pre-form of the triple benas . The on 1000 BC The figure, 8 cm high, dated to the 3rd century BC, shows a player holding three cylindrical game tubes of equal length in his mouth, which are gripped at the lower end with outstretched arms. For the history and further development see the article single reed instrument .

See also

literature

  • Gian Nicola Spanu (Ed.): Sonos - Strumenti della musica popolare sarda. Ilisso Edizioni, Istituto Superiore Regionale Etnografico, Nuoro 1994, pp. 132-135, ISBN 88-85098-30-4 , online edition. Retrieved September 4, 2016 . (PDF; 9.8 MB), accessed on April 27, 2009
  • Tonino Faedda: Sonos antigos de Sedilo. In: Logos (2003) 6, p. 26f (ed. By L'Associazione Archeologica ILOI), online article (PDF; 576 kB), accessed on April 27, 2009

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Spanu, Sonos p. 133
  2. ↑ Faedda, Sonos p. 26f
  3. ↑ Spanu, Sonos S. 11

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