Bergerette

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As Bergerette ( bɛʁʒɛʁet - French for little shepherdess to berger , Shepherd, Shepherd ') is called a French Hirtenlied and rural dance.

history

The Bergerette was developed by Burgundian songwriters in the 15th century , similar to a medieval Virelai (amorous dance song in refrain form ) but with only one stanza (stanza); A new text was used for a familiar melody. As a popular French form of song ( formes fixes ) it was related to the rondeau and is in the context of shepherd poetry of the Renaissance. Clemens Goldberg describes it as "the fashion form of the years 1460-1480". Overall, it remained insignificant compared to other forms and - like the Virelai - initially disappeared again in the 15th century.

The first surviving Bergerette dates from around 1430. A better-known example is Josquin Desprez ' Bergerette savoyenne (handed down in Petruccis Odhecaton 1501).

In the 16th century, the Bergerette encountered as a dance in fast triple beat (three beat), related to the " Basse danse ".

The Bergerettes became popular again in the 18th century, at the time of the late baroque shepherd game (another "renaissance" of the ancient bucolic ). At that time, songs with frivolous lyrics were named here.

literature

  • Bergerette. In: Don Michael Randel (Ed.): The Harvard Dictionary of Music . Harvard University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-674-01163-5 , p. 97, col. 2 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • Riemann Music Lexicon. Volume 1, Schott-Verlag, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-7957-0006-5 , p. 209 (the somewhat “confusing” history of the term “Bergerette” becomes clear in Riemann 2012).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Henri Louis Chatelain: Recherches sur le vers français au XVe siècle: rimes, mètres et… 1908, p. 197: «  Le virelai n'est plus alors que la bergerette, c'est-à-dire un rondeau, dont le deuxième élément est sur d'autres… Charles d'Orléans a laissé une pièce qui réunit les caractères du rondeau et de la bergerette  »
  2. ^ Martha K. Hanen: The Chansonnier El Escorial IV.a.24 Real Biblioteca. 1983: “ The Virelai Texts - A virelai text which has but a single stanza is properly termed a bergerette. All the virelais in Escorial IV.a.24 have single-stanza or bergerette texts. Since the music for a virelai is exactly the same as that for a ... "
  3. ↑ Harold Gleason, Warren Becker, Catherine C. Gleason: Music Literature Outline 1: Outline 1, Middle Ages and Renaissance. 1988, p. 96: “ Chanson is a generic term and includes the formes fixes: rondeau , virelai , ballade and bergerette. [...] The bergerette, developed by Burgundian composers, is similar to the virelai but with only one stanza. ”
  4. ^ Journal of the American Musicological Society. Vol. 41, American Musicological Society, 1988: “ … untexted pieces in Q 18 can be placed, with a certain degree of overlap, in various categories. A number are based on vocal models, relying loosely on the structure of the formes fixes, particularly the rondeau or bergerette. ”
  5. ^ Clemens Goldberg: The Chansons by Antoine Busnois. (= Sources and studies on music history from antiquity to the present day. Volume 32). Verlag Peter Lang, 1994, ISBN 3-631-47079-7 , p. 12 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  6. ↑ cf. Walther Suchier, Rudolf Baehr: French verse theory on a historical basis. (= Collection of short textbooks on Romance languages ​​and literatures. Volume 14). 2nd Edition. Walter de Gruyter, 1963, ISBN 3-11-094113-9 , pp. 211 ff. ( Limited preview in the Google book search).
  7. ↑ Helen Hewitt, Isabel Pope (ed.): Harmonice musices odhecaton A. Ottaviano Petrucci, 1978: “ The Odhecaton and Brux 1 show complete bergerette music, ie, musical sections, a and p. Brux 1 also gives words of ... There seems little reason to doubt that the original form of the composition was the 'long' form, or, bergerette. ”
  8. ↑ Bergerette , under 2). In: Riemann Music Lexicon. Volume 1, Schott-Verlag, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-7957-0006-5 .
  9. ↑ David Fallows: Bergerette . In: Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed September 19, 2014.
  10. ↑ Bergerette . In: Pschyrembel Dictionary Sexuality. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-11-016965-7 , p. 49.