Shepherd game
The shepherd's play was a genre of courtly theater plays and a form of shepherd's poetry .
history
The shepherd game developed particularly in Italy during the Renaissance . Its roots lay in the ancient bucolic ( idylls of Theocrites , eclogues of Virgil ), the courtly mythological drama and its burlesque parody, the shepherd's swan.
Agostino de 'Beccaris Il sacrificio (1554) is considered the first Italian shepherd game . Important works were Torquato Tasso's Aminta (1573) and Giovanni Battista Guarini's Il pastor fido (1583).
With the help of translations of the Italian models, the shepherd's game spread to the courts of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In England, John Lylys Galathea and George Peeles Arraignment of Paris , 1599? William Shakespeare's As you like it , 1610 John Fletcher's The Faithful Shepherdess , 1634 John Milton's Comus and 1641 Benjamin Jonson's The Sad Shepherd . In addition to As you like it , several other comedies show Shakespeare's pastoral influence.
In France, Honoré d'Urfé 's shepherd novel L'Astrée was particularly stimulating . Important pieces were Racan's Les Bergeries (1625) and Jean Mairets Sylvie (1628) as well as his Silvanire (1629). Aftermath can be found in the comedies of Corneille , Racine , Molière and Marivaux .
In the German aristocracy and upper middle class, the transfers dominated. The double comedy Das verliebte Gespenst and Die beliebte Dornrose by Andreas Gryphius (1660) correspond most closely to them . Other shepherd games were written by Heinrich Elmenhorst , Adam Gottfried Uhlich , Johann Sigismund Scholze , Christian Nicolaus Naumann and Karl Christian Gärtner . In 1767, Goethe's Die Laune des Verliebten showed essential elements of the shepherd's game.
features
The focus of the plot is a dance of love. The couples, mostly shepherds and shepherdesses, get to know each other, are separated from each other and find themselves in an order that is more harmonious than the initial state. The framework remains manageable, unconventional and adventurous do not occur. Nature is exaggerated in an idyll . Musical interludes, ballets and choirs are common, which is why the shepherd's play contributed significantly to the creation of the opera.
See also
- Anacreontics
- Shepherd novel
- Pastoral (operatic genre)
- Pastoral (instrumental music)
- Musette (baroque dance)
literature
- Manfred Brauneck , Gérard Schneilin (ed.): Theater Lexikon. Volume 1: Terms and eras, stages and ensembles. 5th completely revised new edition. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-55673-9 ( Rororo. Rowohlt's Encyclopedia 55673).