Bernese Ogham sign overview

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The Berner Ogham overview is an early medieval seven-line manuscript entry in Ogham script in Codex 207, Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum, folium 1b recto (formerly Codex Bernensis 207, fol. 257r). The manuscript is kept in the Burgerbibliothek Bern , Switzerland . The Ogham entry is dated to the late 8th to early 9th centuries AD.

The manuscript was probably made in Fleury, Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire , Loiret department , France . The Ogham entry was probably made by an Irish scribe.

inscription

At the beginning of the manuscript page is a seven-line Ogham text and a twelve-line Latin text.

Latin text

Another writer inserted a Latin grammatical text between the lines and partly directly on the Ogham characters (overrides in 1st line) , which consists of twelve lines and has no relation to the Ogham characters. The Latin text deals with the 4th and 5th declination through questions and answers . The previous page no longer exists. She must have dealt with the 3rd declination. The 1st line reads “plus. Quas priscian (us) bene c (om) memorat. Quarta declinatio. "The 2nd line begins with" Que est agnitio quarte declinationis? "The 11th line ends with" Quinta declinatio q (uo) t litt (er) as termi ". In the 12th line there is only the syllable "na". The text breaks off in the middle of the word "termina (...)".

Ogham text

Characters and transmission of the 1st line to Derolez. In the syllable overview of the 2nd to 7th lines, the character for Q is also transmitted with K, the character for U with V and the last character with Z.
Berner Ogham character overview - Transfer of the lines with conventional transfer and additional use (line 1) as well as the syllable overview 8 (lines 2 to 7)
1st line: ABCDEFG / NG HILMNOPQ / KRSTU / V AE / EA OO / OI ACH / CH / KS RR / Z
2nd line: BA BE BI BO BU CA CE CI CO CU DA DE DI DO DU
3rd line: FA FE FI FO FU GA GE GI GO GU HA HE HI HO HU
4th line: KA KE KI KO KU LA LE LI LO LU MA ME MI MO MU
5th line: NA NE NI NO NU PA PE PI PO PU QA QE QI QO QU
6th line: RA RE RI RO RU SA SE SI SO SU TA TE TI TO TU
7 . Line: VA VE VI VO VU ZA ZE ZI ZO ZU

In the 1st line the Ogham characters are arranged in the order of the Latin alphabet. Some characters that cannot be identified with certainty due to overwriting with Latin letters and characters that are no longer visible can therefore be easily supplemented with a high degree of probability.

The character NG is placed after F in the 1st line and is therefore used for G as in the following syllable overview. In contrast to the Latin alphabet, the Ogham series does not have a character for K. The writer has probably not filled in the gap because he also uses the character for Q for K in the subsequent syllable table. The letter P is represented by a character in Y-form, which is otherwise not used for P in this form. The scribe added the transmissions via the four double sounds at the end of the line, the forfeda. They have different sound sequences than in the conventional tradition, although there are quite different rare transmission variants in other applications. The character transferred in the handwriting as well as in the Book of Ballymote with "ach" is in other texts above the trunk line and has four horizontal lines in it. With the last character Derolez leaves the transmission open, but also considers Z to be possible and finally transmits it like McManus with Z in the syllable overview.

A syllable overview follows in lines two to seven. The syllables it contains are all formed according to the same pattern. All concurrent sounds of the Latin alphabet are systematically represented as syllables in alphabetical order together with all Latin vowels - also in alphabetical order. All syllables are still legible.

Specialty

The Bernese Ogham overview from around 800 AD is the oldest Ogham entry in medieval manuscripts. This inscription is about 350 years older than the second oldest Ogham manuscript entry, the Vatican Ogham character series . The oldest Irish Ogham entries do not date until the 14th century.

literature

Web links

References and comments

  1. ^ Website of the Burgerbibliothek Bern ; McManus, p. 135; Forsyth, p. 19
  2. ^ Website of the Bern Burger Library
  3. Forsyth , p. 19
  4. Burgerbibliothek Bern, Cod. 207 ; see under “2. Different alphabets ”; also McManus, p. 135
  5. Derolez , p. 3
  6. Derolez, p. 7
  7. Derolez, p. 8; McManus, p. 135
  8. Forsyth, p. 19
  9. Forfeda are additional characters that were formed after the 20 original Ogham characters
  10. Derolez, p. 8 f .; McManus, p. 135
  11. Derolez, p. 7 f .; McManus, p. 135
  12. McManus, p. 135; Patton, p. 82
  13. McManus, p. 135