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Circumcision is the term used to describe various surgical changes to the sexual organs in men and women .

In boys and men

The oldest artist's representation of a circumcision in ancient Egypt (relief around 2300 BC)

"Circumcision" is the technical term for male circumcision: a religious, medical (for example in pathological phimosis ) or cosmetically justified shortening or removal of the foreskin of the penis . There are also different legal situations regarding circumcision in individual states, as well as controversies about the circumcision of minors .

Religious and Other Traditions

The penile foreskin was already removed during circumcision in ancient Egypt (fourth millennium before to 400 AD); from 2300 BC The oldest known depiction of adult men is known.

The historian Herodotus declares circumcision as an ancient practice that was first practiced by the Egyptians or Ethiopians, then by the Phoenicians, Syrians, the Kolchians and their western neighbors, the Macroners (tribe in the northeast of the Black Sea).

The removal of the foreskin according to the Jewish rite is called Brit Mila , the removal of the foreskin according to the Islamic rite is called Chitan (Khitan) .

In Christianity , the church festival “ Circumcision of the Lord ” (circumcision festival) is celebrated on January 1st. Various legends deal with the relic of the " Holy Foreskin " of Jesus of Nazareth .

Circumcision for medical reasons

A medical circumcision (circumcision) is indicated, for example, if the foreskin of a boy or man cannot or only partially retracts (phimosis) and the erection is painful. Circumcision is only necessary if other methods, such as treatment with cortisone cream or stretching, have not been successful. There is a partial circumcision and a complete circumcision. A urologist generally performs a circumcision .

Complications

  • inflammation can occur
  • bleeding may occur (you can usually treat it with a pressure bandage )
  • injuries to the urethra and glans are very rare
  • allergic reactions to the anesthetic or the local anesthetic ( local anesthesia )

With girls and women

Traditionally performing female circumcision ( Ubangi-Shari , Central Africa, before 1936)

The removal of the clitoris is technically called a clitoridectomy , the incision or scratching of the external genitalia is excision , the severing of the external genitalia and then suturing the wound infibulation .

Modern forms

For aesthetic and cosmetic reasons, a reduction or removal is the clitoral hood made ( clitoral hood reduction ) or labia are reduced or removed ( labia reduction ).

Web links

Commons : Male circumcision (circumcision)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Female genital mutilation  - Collection of images
Wiktionary: Circumcision  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Folker Siegert (Ed.): Flavius ​​Josephus: About the originality of Judaism (Contra Apionem). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, Volume 2, p. 85.
  2. ↑ Julius Rosenbaum : Circumcision. In: History of the lust epidemic in antiquity together with detailed investigations into the Venus and phallus cults, brothels, Νοῦσος ϑήλεια of the Scythians, paederasty and other sexual excesses of the ancients as 'contributions to the correct explanation of their writings'. 7th edition, Barsdorf, Berlin 1904, pp. 336–343, here: pp. 336 f.
  3. ↑ a b Karin Janke, Claudia Krallmann: Urologists portal: Circumcision in men (circumcision). In: UrologenPortal.de. April 21, 2020, accessed May 26, 2020 (first published November 23, 2006).