Purchase costs
Purchase costs ( procurement costs ) are those costs in accounting that are incurred in the procurement of material or finished products .
General
Material includes raw , works , materials and supplies , as well as semi-finished products , components and assemblies intended for further processing to be procured. The trade procures goods or commodities in order to resell them. The legal term in commercial law is the comparable acquisition costs , where the purchase costs are referred to as incidental acquisition costs .
calculation
The main value of the material or goods procured is their purchase price , which is invoiced by the supplier . In addition, there may be additional costs for procurement, which represent the procurement costs in the narrower sense. This includes in particular transport costs ( freight and carriage ), packaging , transport insurance , customs duties for any import , assembly costs and other expenses or fees . These are added to the purchase price as purchase costs and result in the purchase price . This is already reduced by any price reductions from the supplier ( discount , cash discount ). The further calculation in the trade is as follows:
Einkaufspreis + Bezugskosten = Einstandspreis + Handlungskosten = Selbstkostenpreis + Handelsspanne = Verkaufspreis
The input tax is not taken into account in the purchase price because it is deductible from the VAT included in the sales price . However, the purchase costs may not be booked as other costs , but must be capitalized as acquisition costs , because they did not arise from the company's own production , transport or trading services .
Posting
Effort-oriented procedure for bookings
Purchase costs must be posted as follows:
-
Expense account for goods purchase
- plus input tax
- to cash account or liabilities
Correction postings are made net
- Inventory account to the respective inventory sub-account.
As-built procedure
Procurement costs are directly attributed to raw materials and supplies, net, if no purchase in an expense account, because they are by § 255 Commercial Code then capitalized when used as direct costs directly to a cost object can be assigned.
Business aspects
Since the purchase costs represent a cost factor that increases the sales price, a minimization of the purchase costs must also be aimed for when purchasing. Here, the existing purchasing power (as the big supermarket chains Aldi , Rewe Group , Lidl u. A. Have) both the purchase price also help minimize the procurement costs. Larger purchasing volumes can lead to lower purchase prices and, as a result, lower procurement costs. In the best-case scenario, the “ free domicile ” trade clause ensures that the supplier pays all transport costs to the destination.
Individual evidence
- ^ Frank Wischmann, Basic Knowledge of External Accounting , 2009, p. 83
- ↑ Jörg Wöltje, quick introduction to accounting , 2008, p. 91
- ↑ Peter Collier / Helge Anke / Helmut Bergup u. a., Certified commercial specialist: Volume 7: Purchasing , 2015, p. 39-
