Ratmanov Island
| Ratmanov Island | ||
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| Waters | Bering Strait | |
| Archipelago | Diomedes Islands | |
| Geographical location | 65 ° 47 '36 " N , 169 ° 3' 54" W | |
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| surface | 29 km² | |
| Highest elevation | 513 m | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
| main place | Ratmanova (Nunebruk) | |
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The Big Diomede ( Russian Остров Ратманова / Ostrow Ratmanowa , Inuktitut Imaqliq ), and Big Diomede Island ( English Big Diomede Iceland ) called, together with the approximately 4 km to the east lie Little Diomede Iceland and the uninhabited Fairway Rock (both belong to the US - State of Alaska ) the group of the Diomedes Islands . It is the easternmost point of Russia. Mainland Russia to the west is 35.68 kilometers away.
Ratmanov Island , located in the Bering Strait , belongs to the Chukotsky Rajon of the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug of Russia and forms its easternmost region. It has a land area of 29 km² and was previously inhabited by around 400 people who called their island Imaqliq themselves .
On the island there is the northernmost breeding colony of the red-billed falcon , a medium-sized species from the family of alken birds .
The international date line runs just under 1.3 km from its east coast .
history
According to the First Alaskans Institute , the original inhabitants of the Diomedes Islands are Iñupiat .
The first European to reach the islands was the Russian explorer Semyon Deshnev in 1648. The rediscovery of the Diomedes Islands was made by the Danish navigator (in Russian service) Vitus Bering on August 16, 1728. That day is in Russian -Orthodox Church commemorates the martyr St. Diomedes.
In 1732 the Russian geodesist Mikhail Gwosdew drew the map of the island. In 1816, Otto von Kotzebue, head of the Rurik expedition, mistakenly believed he could identify another island, which he named after Makar Ivanovich Ratmanow (1772-1834). The name was later transferred to what is now Ratmanov Island.
On the occasion of the sale of Alaska by Russia to the United States in 1867, the new border between the two nation- states was drawn between Ratmanov Island and Little Diomedes Island.
20./21. century
After the Second World War , the indigenous population of Ratmanov Island was forced to move to mainland Russia in order to avoid cross-border contacts. Today there is no longer any permanent settlement on the island, only a weather station and a border police post.
During the Cold War was that post on the border between the Soviet Union and the United States as "Ice Curtain" ( Ice Curtain known). In 1987, however, Lynne Cox swam from Little Diomedes Island to Ratmanov Island (about 4 kilometers) and was jointly congratulated by Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan .
In 2012, the four-amputee Frenchman Philippe Croizon , who had previously conquered straits between other continents, managed the route in the same direction using prostheses and fins.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Fortescue: Eskimo orientation Systems (= Meddelelser om Grønland, Man & Society . No. 11 ). Odense 1988, ISBN 978-87-635-1189-6 , pp. 24 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Anthony J. Gaston, Ian L. Jones: The Auks . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998, ISBN 0-19-854032-9 , p. 236 (English).
- ↑ Bering Straits. In: Census Information Center: Regional Fact Sheets. First Alaskans Institute, accessed May 14, 2017 .
- ↑ August 16: Orthodox. In: Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints . Joachim Schäfer, accessed on May 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Otto von Kotzebue: Discovery trip in the South Sea and after the Berings Strait to explore a north-eastern passage . First volume, Gebrüder Hoffmann, Weimar 1921, p. 138
- ↑ GP Awetissow: Ratmanov Makar Ivanovich (07.08.1772-21.12.1833 / 1834) . In: Imena na Karte Rossijskoi Arktiki , Nauka, Sankt Petersburg 2003, ISBN 5-02-025003-1 (Russian).
- ^ Diomede Islands. In: Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 14, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Sarah Levy: "Oh my god, that's liquid ice!" Interview with extreme swimmer Lynne Cox. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE . August 7, 2012, accessed May 14, 2017 .
- ↑ A swimmer without arms or legs crosses straits. Message from the dpa . In: Focus Online . August 18, 2012, accessed November 5, 2016 .