Bishophill

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Bishophill
Coordinates 53 ° 58 ′  N , 1 ° 5 ′  W Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ′  N , 1 ° 5 ′  W
Bishophill (England)
Bishophill
Bishophill
administration
Post town YORK
ZIP code section YO1
prefix 01904
Part of the country England
region Yorkshire and the Humber
Unitary authority City of York
British Parliament York Central
Bishophill seen from the city walls

Bishophill is a neighborhood in the city of York , in England . It extends within the city walls and has been inhabited at least since Roman times.

Surname

The neighborhood has been known as Bichill since 1334 . In addition, the name " Bychehill Lomelyth " was used, "Lomelyth" was a name for the gate at the point where Victoria Bar is today . Possibly the name comes from the " Biche Doughter " tower on the city wall.

geography

The district lies within the city walls of York and extends over the southwest sector of the city center. The area slopes gently towards the River Ouse . Until the middle of the 18th century, a stream divided the quarter. It ran east from Scarcroft Hill to the moat of the Old Baile and marked the boundary between the parishes of St Mary Bishophill Junior and Senior . The main street in the neighborhood is Bishophill Senior , which later becomes Cromwell Road . The city walls encompass the district to the south and east.

The area along the river is promoted by York City Council as a "quiet residential area with modern houses". The streets in the center are considered to be "an enchanting network of terraced streets" with a "strong sense of identity". The green spaces extend along the fortifications of the city walls. The buildings on the river are in great danger of being flooded, which is why they are rarely used as residential or business premises on the ground floor.

history

Baile Hill & the city walls.

The area has probably been inhabited since pre- Roman times. Artifacts from this period have been found outside the city walls. In Roman times the area was the core of the settlement Eboracum , which later became a colonia . There were defenses on site and some stone buildings, the remains of which were unearthed during excavations in the Churchyard of St Mary Bishophill Senior . George Pace has suggested that the church was built on the site of a Romano-British cathedral. However, there is no evidence to support this assumption.

After the Roman retreat, the area's history remained largely obscure until the construction of St Mary Bishophill Junior's church in the 10th century. The church is a relatively large building for the time. After the Norman conquest of England , Baile Hill was built in the south of the area. A bailey with earth fortifications lay to the northwest. The castle may have had its own mill. Later, when Clifford's Tower was built on the opposite bank of the Ouse, the castle stables were abandoned and parts of the fortifications were integrated into the city fortifications. At the end of the 14th century, the city wall stood where it still runs today and in the 15th century the area was handed over to the City Corporation . Shipyards such as Queen's Staith (1660) and various warehouses were built along the river bank . During this time, more and more houses were built in the area. The most important of these was Buckingham House , the home of Lord Thomas Fairfax , who besieged the city in 1644. Friends' Burial Ground was established in 1667 and Ann Middleton's Hospital was founded in 1659.

The Old Rectory.

Few buildings from the Middle Ages and 17th century survived in Bishophill; in addition to the Church of St Mary Bishophill Junior and the walls, these include the buildings at 29 Trinity Lane , Cransfields on St Martin's Lane and the Old Rectory on Victor Street . Other important buildings were destroyed in the 20th century. The Old Warehouse (17th century) on Skeldergate was demolished in 1970 and the Plumbers' Arms (~ 1575) was converted into a cock and bottle in 1964 .

The early 18th century saw the neighborhood decline. A number of buildings were demolished and turned into tree gardens. That changed in 1756 when the City Corporation began to designate building lots. First the area north of Bishophill Junior was built on. In 1765 the architect John Carr built his own house on Skeldergate , which stood there until 1945. 56 Skeldergate was built in the 1770s and is still in place today.

A prison was built in the early 1800s on what is now known as Cromwell Road . The Skeldergate poster in the city wall was torn down to allow better access. However, this caused an outcry from the population and instead of further destruction, a new archway was built. In addition, the Victoria Bar Gate was broken into the walls in 1838 and the Skeldergate Ferry was replaced by the Skeldergate Bridge .

Woods Mill Quay

Construction work in the area continued in the 19th century. Most of the remaining building lots were built with small single-family houses. The warehouse at Queen's Staith and the bonding warehouse in Skeldergate were also built during this period. The great Emperor's Wharf was planned as a shipping point for timber, but by the end of the century ocean-going ships only docked further downstream. On the other side of the river, the former Sawmill (52 Skeldergate) and the Golden Ball Pub are the most important remnants from this period. A community cooperative took over the Golden Ball in 2012 when the owners retired. Many small churches also date from the 19th century, such as the Victoria Bar Primitive Methodist Chapel , Wesley Chapel on Priory Street, and St Columba's Presbyterian Church .

The Golden Ball Pub

In the 20th century, slum clearings were made and many smaller buildings were replaced by apartment buildings. Plans to build a multi-storey car park were successfully fought off by a newly founded Residents' Association .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Webster Appleton 2011. p. 11
  2. ↑ a b c d Pace 1964.
  3. ↑ a b c Webster Appleton 2011. pp. 2-3
  4. ↑ Character Area Twenty: Bishophill (PDF) City of York Council. Understanding the City> Character Areas. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  5. ^ "Quiet residential area with modern warehouse-style residential buildings." Character Area Nineteen: Queen's Staith and Skeldergate (PDF) City of York Council. Understanding the City> Character Areas. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  6. ↑ "charming network of terraced streets" and "a tranquil haven with a very strong sense of identity".
  7. ↑ a b Pace 1964
  8. ↑ a b [1] City of York Council. Understanding the City> Character Areas.
  9. ^ Gavin Aitchison: Community co-operative to take over Golden Ball Pub in Bishophill, York . In: The Press . June 26, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  10. ↑ Webster Appleton 2011. p. Ii
  11. ^ Webster Appleton 2011. p. 193

literature

Web links

Commons : Bishophill  - collection of images, videos and audio files