Color fastness
The color fastness refers to the resistance of dyed textiles to external physical and chemical impacts. A coloring is referred to as genuine or colourfast if the color tone or the color strength does not change or only changes insignificantly upon exposure. If the stress takes place during the manufacture of the dyed textile, it is called manufacturing fastness (examples: mercerising or fulling ), otherwise it is called practical fastness.
Different usage fastnesses
There are a large number of different influencing factors that can change the color of a material and for which there are standardized methods of determination.
Selection of some common color fastnesses:
-
Lightfastness :
Color changes when exposed to daylight . In the lightfastness tests, daylight is simulated with a xenon high-pressure lamp . -
Fastness to washing :
The bleeding of the dyes and the change in color during washing at different temperatures are tested (e.g. 60 ° C and 95 ° C). -
Rubbing fastness :
The resistance of the color of upholstery fabrics to being rubbed off or rubbed off on other textiles is tested. A distinction is made between dry and wet rub fastness. -
Fastness to bleach :
The influence of various bleaching agents such as hypochlorite , sodium chlorite and peroxide is determined. -
Perspiration fastness :
With different pH-values (acid and alkaline) of the influence of human is with synthetic Schweißsimulaten welding determined in the color fastness.
The color fastness depends strongly on the chosen dye for the respective material.
standardization
As early as 1911, the Association of German Chemists (VDCh) founded the German Authenticity Commission (DEK) in order to develop test methods for determining color fastness. Together with the DIN - Materials Testing Standards Committee (NMP) Working Committee NA 062-05-11 AA (color fastness of textiles) and with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the German authenticity Commission works as a registered association on the globally standardized and reproducible testing of textiles .
DIN standards
| DIN | title | Publication date |
|---|---|---|
| 54005 | Determination of the water fastness of dyeings and prints (light exposure) | 1983/11 |
| 54015 | Determination of the peroxide wash fastness of dyeings and prints | 2017/12 |
| 54016 | Determination of the hypochlorite wash fastness of dyeings and prints | 2017/12 |
| 54034 | Determination of the hypochlorite bleaching fastness of dyeings and prints (light exposure) | 2018/04 |
| 54046 | Determination of the color fastness in the acid chlorination of wool | 1985/06 |
| 54056 | Determination of the color fastness of dyeings and prints to sublimation on storage | 2017/11 |
DIN EN ISO standards
In the case of the German adoption of the standards developed under the leadership of ISO or CEN , there are 13 series of standards on various topics. The F series of standards are exclusively ISO standards:
| Series of standards | theme | Number of standards |
|---|---|---|
| A. | general basics | 8th |
| B. | Color fastness to light and weathering | 9 |
| C. | Color fastness to washing | 11 (of which 5 withdrawn) |
| D. | Color fastness to dry cleaning | 2 |
| E. | Color fastness to aqueous agents | 14th |
| F. | Accompanying tissue | 9 |
| G | Color fastness to gaseous agents | 3 |
| J | Colorimetry and color difference measurement | 4th |
| N | Color fastness to bleaching agents | 5 |
| P | Color fastness to heat treatments | 2 |
| S. | Color fastness to the effects of vulcanization | 3 |
| X | Various test procedures | 14th |
| Z | Tests for the characterization of colorants | 11 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on color fastness. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 22, 2019.
- ↑ Entry on lightfastness. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 22, 2019.
- ↑ Rubbing fastness. In: Wohn-Lexikon. Raumeinrichtung.de, accessed on January 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Synthetic sweat. Retrieved January 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ NA 062: DIN standards committee for materials testing (NMP). Retrieved January 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Annual report 2017. (PDF) DIN Standards Committee Material Testing (NMP), 2017, pp. 16 and 68 , accessed on January 22, 2019 (German).
- ^ Die Deutsche Echtheitskommission eV Retrieved on January 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ DIN standards. German Authenticity Commission, accessed on January 22, 2019 (German).
- ↑ DIN EN ISO standards. German Authenticity Commission, accessed on January 22, 2019 (German).