Bogenhausen contract

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The secret Bogenhausen Treaty was a treaty concluded in 1805 between the Electorate of Bavaria and France . It led to the creation of the Kingdom of Bavaria .

prehistory

At the time of Maximilian IV Joseph's accession to power , the electorate was territorially fragmented. Upper and Lower Bavaria and large parts of the Upper Palatinate formed a coherent domain, but other areas such as the region around Speyer and the duchies of Jülich-Berg were far away from the core area. Most of these territories were lost in the Peace of Lunéville in 1801. At the same time, the elector was able to expand his heartland through surrounding areas through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

Austrians and Bavarians were defeated by the French in the Battle of Hohenlinden in 1800. In the following years one was confronted with Napoleon's urge to expand . When a coalition against France was formed again in 1805 , the Electorate of Bavaria also had to act.

Conclusion of contract and content

When, after long insistence on Maximilian, Napoleon only left the choice between an alliance with France or the opening of war also against Bavaria and when Austrian troops were already marching on the Bavarian border, when Bavaria was in danger of becoming a deployment area for both warring parties the elector finally decided on the agreement with France. He would have preferred to remain neutral, but finally saw that he had to agree with the realistic assessment of the situation by his conference minister, Baron Maximilian von Montgelas . So the alliance came to an end on August 25, 1805 in the sick Montgela's apartment, the Bogenhausen garden house . On the Bavarian side, Baron von Montgelas signed the treaty in which Bavaria allowed the invasion of French troops and ended its alliance with Austria and Russia . The two contracting parties provided each other with assistance in military conflicts. France should provide 100,000 and Bavaria 20,000 soldiers, who in the event of an alliance would be under French command. It was also stipulated that Bavaria was not allowed to conclude a separate peace with the enemy and that Napoleon should pay for supplies by Bavaria to his soldiers while they were on Bavarian territory. In the treaty of France, Bavaria guaranteed the territories it had taken possession of in Italy, while the French Emperor Bavaria guaranteed the current state of possession as laid down in the 1803 Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . This enabled Bavaria to secure its considerable territorial gains in Franconia and Swabia. Furthermore, Napoleon refrained from expanding to the right bank of the Rhine and promised to work for a further appropriate area increase in favor of Bavaria.

The elector hesitated with the final ratification of the treaty, but was ultimately forced to do so when the Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg invaded Nymphenburg Palace with 200 hussars and with the ultimate threats demanded that the Bavarian and Austrian troops should be joined. Maximilian, who had fled to Würzburg , ratified the treaty on September 28, 1805 and allowed the Bavarian troops, around 30,000 soldiers, to join the French army on the day of ratification.

consequences

The primary consequence of the treaty was Bavaria's military support for Napoleon. Bavarian troops under General Wrede fought against the Austrians near Iglau in Bohemia, which contributed to the simultaneous French victory near Austerlitz on December 2, 1805. As a result, Napoleon rewarded the elector in the Peace of Pressburg on December 26, 1805. Bavaria received the counties of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, ceded by Austria. In addition, in point VII of the peace treaty, the elector was granted royal dignity: “The electors of Baiern and Würtemberg accept the title of king without, however, ceasing to be members of the German Confederation. Se. The Majesty the Emperors of Germany and Austria recognizes them in this dignity. "

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Adolph Winkopp (ed.): The Rhenish Confederation Act. Frankfurt am Mayn 1808, pp. 3–25.