Brown sludge needle
| Brown sludge needle | ||||||||||||
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Brown sludge needle ( Acicula fusca ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Acicula fusca | ||||||||||||
| ( Montagu , 1803) |
The brown needle snail ( Acicula fusca ), also known as brown needle snail , is a land-living snail from the family of muck needles (Aciculidae) in the order Architaenioglossa ("old bandworm").
features
The (adult) housing is very small with a height of 2.0 to 2.95 mm and a width (thickness) of 0.9 to 1.0 mm. It has 5 to 5¾ slightly convex circumferences, the outside thus runs approximately in a straight line and results in a spindle-shaped shape. The Protokonch is smooth, the following whorls have irregular grooves (15 to 23 grooves on the penultimate whorl). The last contact does not rise, or only very slightly, from the winding axis. Below the seam, the surrounds indicate an edge. The umbilicus is very narrow, open like a crack. The mouth is pear-shaped in the front view, the mouth edge is slightly bulged in the side view. It is turned over in the umbilical area and somewhat enlarged at the base, but not thickened inside. A bulge in the neck is also missing or only very weakly indicated. The very thin parietal callus is clearly limited towards the mouth. The housing is matt red-brown to yellowish-red, thin and translucent, the surface glossy.
Similar species
The brown sludge needle can easily be confused with the striped sludge needle ( Acicula lineata ). However, this has a weak neck bulge, a closed navel and is larger on average. Compared to Acicula parcelineata , A. fusca has a more compact red-brown housing. In the side view, the mouth edge is bent back more strongly immediately below the seam.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the species extends from the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) in the west, over the Pyrenees, more or less closed over western and northern France, Great Britain and Ireland to Belgium, western Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) and the southernmost tip of the Netherlands (extreme south of Limburg province). The species has been known to fossil since the Burdigalium in Germany and the Czech Republic.
The species prefers humid habitats in old deciduous forests that do not dry out in summer, where they live in deep and undisturbed leaf litter. In Great Britain and Ireland it is also found in more exposed locations, such as on rocks by the sea and in the moss along roadsides. They often occur on calcareous soils, but occasionally also on basalt.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described in 1803 by George Montagu as Turbo fuscus . Synonyms are Acme inchoata Ehrmann, 1933, Bulimus minutus T. Brown, 1827 and Acme pyrenaica de Folin & Berillon, 1877.
Danger
The species is in Germany in the category R (= extremely rare). On the red list of the EU the species is classified with LC (= Least Concern, "not endangered"). However, a population decline of 55% was observed in Ireland, which is why it is rated as "Vulnerable" for Ireland.
supporting documents
literature
- HD Boeters, E. Gittenberger, P. Subai: The Aciculidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). In: Zoologische Verhandelingen. 252: 1-234 (1989).
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's natural guide 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 140.
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , pp. 84/85.
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 27/8).
Individual evidence
- ↑ George Montagu: Testacea Britannica, or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: systematically arranged and embellished with figures. White, London 1803, OCLC 4399857 .
- ↑ Margret Binot-Hafke, Sandra Balzer, Nadine Becker, Horst Gruttke, Heiko Haupt, Natalie Hofbauer, Gerhard Ludwig, Günter Matzke-Hajek, Melanie Strauch (Red.): Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Mushrooms in Germany. Volume 3: Invertebrates (Part 1). (= Nature Conservation and Biodiversity 70 (3)). Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7843-5231-2 .
- ^ J. Rüetschi, M. Falkner, T. von Proschwitz, O. Gargominy: Acicula fusca. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on November 23, 2012.
