Brown house

This article deals with the NSDAP Reichsparteizentrum from 1930 to 1945 in Munich. In other cities, too, the name Braunes Haus was used for the local NSDAP headquarters, see Braunes Haus (explanation of terms ) .

Brown House (1935)

Braunes Haus was the name of the building of the NSDAP party headquarters in Munich , Brienner Strasse  34, which existed from 1930 to 1945. It was originally built as an aristocratic palace.

history

Inauguration of the Brown House (1930)

Ruin (1945)

The house between Karolinenplatz and Königsplatz was built in 1828 by Jean Baptiste Métivier in the classicism style as an aristocratic palace for Karl Freiherr von Lotzbeck (1786–1873), for whom he had previously rebuilt Weyhern Castle . Marchese Fabio Pallavicini (1795–1872) and court photographer Joseph Albert were among its later residents and owners .

In 1876 it came into the possession of the merchant Richard Barlow (1826–1882), who bequeathed it to his son, the industrialist Willy Barlow (1869–1928). His widow sold the property to the NSDAP for 805,864 gold marks on May 26, 1930, after their rooms at Schellingstrasse 50 had become too small. This is where the party headquarters had been since 1925. Until it was taken over by the NSDAP, the building was known as the “Palais Barlow” or simply the “Noble Palace”. "Brown House" was the official party name for the house. The money for the purchase by the NSDAP came from the industrialist Fritz Thyssen .

After major renovations, which the Munich architect Paul Ludwig Troost was commissioned to do and whose designs were worked on by Adolf Hitler himself, the entire Reich leadership of the NSDAP was relocated there at the beginning of 1931.

In recognition of the support of the American industrialist Henry Ford , Hitler had a large portrait of this company patriarch hung on the wall behind his desk in the “Brown House” .

During its period as the headquarters of the NSDAP, the building was closely guarded and kept secret. As the authorities sometimes brought arrested people to the Brown House for questioning, the structure was nicknamed "Denunciature", a play on words that combined the "act of denunciation" and the papal nunciature across the street.

During the Second World War , the building was hit by aerial bombs during the air raids on Munich , for the first time in the night of October 2 to 3, 1943 and particularly hard on January 7, 1945. The ruins were looted in the immediate post-war period and demolished in 1947. The property remained undeveloped until 2012.

Documentation center

The foundations in May 2007

The documentation center on the premises of the Brown House

→ Main article : Nazi Documentation Center

On December 6, 2005, the Bavarian State Government ( Cabinet Stoiber IV ) decided to set up a documentation center on the subject of National Socialism on the site. Before construction began, the foundations of the Brown House were uncovered and archaeologically examined. A few finds were secured. However, it was not desired to incorporate the foundations into the new documentation center, which is why the foundations were removed. The foundation stone should be laid in 2008. However, as the financing was delayed - in June 2009 an agreement was signed between the city of Munich, the Free State of Bavaria and the federal government, which provides for the assumption of costs in the amount of 28.2 million euros in equal parts - and there were different views on content-related issues , construction only started in 2011. The foundation stone was laid on March 9, 2012, and the center was finally opened on April 30, 2015 on the 70th anniversary of Munich's liberation.

literature

• Andreas Heusler: The Brown House. How Munich became the “capital of movement”. DVA , Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-421-04352-8 .
• Mathias Rösch: The Munich NSDAP 1925–1933. an investigation into the internal structure of the NSDAP in the Weimar Republic. Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56670-9 (also dissertation at the University of Munich 1998).
• Peter Köpf : The Königsplatz in Munich. A German place. Links, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86153-372-3 .
• Konstantin Köppelmann (author), Dietlind Pedarnig (author): Münchner Palais , 2016, p. 688, ISBN 978-3-86906-820-6 .

Web links

Commons : Brown House  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Braunes Haus (Munich's monuments)
• NS Documentation Center Munich
• Ulrike Grammbitter: Braunes Haus, Munich . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
• TopicsHistoryPath "National Socialism in Munich"

Individual evidence

1. ^ Gavriel Rosenfeld, Munich and Memory: Architecture, Monuments, and the Legacy of the Third Reich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 99.
2. ↑ Irmtraud Permooser: The aerial warfare over Munich 1942-1945. Bombs on the capital of the movement. 2nd Edition. Aviatic, Oberhaching 1997, ISBN 3-925505-37-7 , p. 263.
3. ^ Hannes Hintermeier : Munich digs. What was found in the "Brown House"? In: FAZ.net . November 16, 2006, accessed November 19, 2018 . 
4. ^ Muenchen.de: Laying of the foundation stone for the NS Documentation Center in Munich , accessed on March 23, 2012.
5. ↑ NS Documentation Center: A place to learn and remember the history of National Socialism ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 1, 2015. 

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 43 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 3 ″  E