Bronnaya Hara
| Bronnaya Hara | Bronnaya Gora | |||
| Бронная Гара | Бронная Гора | |||
| ( Belarus. ) | ( Russian ) | |||
| State : |
 Belarus
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| Woblasz : |
 Brest
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| Coordinates : | 52 ° 37 ′ N , 25 ° 4 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 173 m | ||
| Residents : | 996 (2005) | ||
| Time zone : | Moscow time ( UTC + 3 ) | ||
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Bronnaja Hara ( Belarusian : Бронная Гара) or Bronnaja Gora ( Russian : Бронная Гора) is a village in the Bjarosa Rajon of the Breszkaja Woblasz in Belarus . The place is about twelve kilometers northeast of Bjarosa on the Brest - Minsk railway line and belongs to the Selsawet Sokalawa .
history
The village of Bronnaya Gora has existed since the 19th century. In 1865 a tar factory started operations here . During the First World War and the Polish-Soviet War , the place was occupied several times by different warring parties before it became Polish as a result of the Peace of Riga in 1921. Since 1930 there was a wood processing company in town. In the course of the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland and Western Belarus, Bronnaya Gora became Soviet in September 1939.
On June 24, 1941, two days after the German attack on the Soviet Union , German troops occupied the village. In May and June 1942, Germans set up the Bronnaja Gora extermination camp about 400 meters northwest of the Bronnaya Gora train station , where more than 50,000 people, mostly Jews from the surrounding cities, were murdered between mid-June and late November 1942.
During the German occupation, the prisoner-of-war company 228 c with a capacity of 150 people was temporarily stationed in Bronnaya Gora . This prisoner-of-war camp for soldiers of the Red Army was subordinate to the Minsk-based German Central Railway Directorate. Whether the camp is identical to the camp of those who were forced to dig up and burn the bodies of those shot in the extermination camp in March 1944 is likely, but has not yet been conclusively clarified. There is also apparently no information about the duration of the camp.
When the Germans withdrew from Bronnaya Gora on July 13, 1944, they destroyed more than six kilometers of track with the help of a so-called rail grinder . They also blew up and burned all the buildings and facilities that belonged to the Bronnaya Gora station, including the station building, a workshop, a material store, residential buildings and switchman booths as well as other facilities.
In 1945 the timber industry in Bronnaya Gora was put back into operation with a sawmill and a furniture factory. German internees also worked here at times. In 1948 a forge was also put into operation, later the "33 Years of October" collective farm . The "Hidrashkloisol" factory was built in Bronnaya Gora in 1994 and produces around 400,000 m² of various plastic and polymer materials (including roof coverings) annually. Today there is also a kindergarten , a middle school and three shops in Bronnaya Hara .
Attractions
Two memorials commemorate the people murdered at Bronnaya Hara . They are in the immediate vicinity of the track that once brought people to the shooting site, as well as the location where the murders took place.
In 1981 a memorial plaque was placed on the station building in honor of the Soviet partisans . It reminds us that on August 8, 1943, to the northeast and southwest of the Bronnaya Gora station, around three kilometers of rail track were destroyed by partisans in around 250 explosions, which meant that important German supply routes were temporarily interrupted.
Population development
- 1924: 16 inhabitants
- 1940: 175 inhabitants
- 1959: 591 inhabitants
- 1970: 789 inhabitants
- 2005: 996 inhabitants
literature
- Harada i vëski Belarusi. Bresckaja voblasc '. Kniha I. Minsk 2006 (Harada i vëski Belarusi. Encyklapedija. Vol. 3).
- Lagerja sovetskich voennoplennych v Belarusi. 1941-1944. Spravočnik. Soviet prisoner of war camp in Belarus. A reference work. Minsk 2004. (Bilingual Russian and German.)
- Svod Pamjatnikov istorii i kultury Belorussii. Brestskaya oblast '. Minsk 1990 (Svod Pamjatnikov istorii i kultury narodov SSSR).
Sources and Notes
- ↑ Harada i vëski Belarusi, p. 165.
- ↑ Lagerja sovetskich woennoplennych, p. 166f.
- ↑ Act o rasruschenijach, pritschinennych nemezko-fascistskimi sachwachikami na schelesno-dorozhnoy stanzii Bronnaja Gora, Brest-Litovskoy schel. dor. sa wremja okkupazii s 24 / VI / 1941 g. po 14 / VII / 1944 g. State Archives of the Brest Oblast, f. 514, op. 1, d. 273, p. 24 and reverse.
- ↑ Harada i vëski Belarusi, p. 166.
- ↑ Swod Pamjatnikow, p. 118.
- ↑ Harada i vëski Belarusi, pp. 165f.