Brunn-Wolfholz

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The Brunn-Wolfholz corridor in Brunn am Gebirge in Lower Austria on the outskirts of Vienna has several settlements of the oldest linear ceramic culture (LBK) , which are among the oldest. There is also an Avar burial ground in the hallway .

location

The sites are located in the district Wolfholz on würmzeitlichen terrace gravels (younger Steinfeld gravel) over Pannonian Lehmen. The area was originally flowed through by the Kleiner Krotenbach.

Research history

The remains of the Wolfholz 1 settlement were discovered in 1989 by the Viennese archaeologist Peter Stadler ( Natural History Museum Vienna ) and excavated between 1989 and 2005.

Excavations in Brunn-Wolfholz 2012
surface Dating Reference extent year
1 LBK 1-3 1636683 1989
2 LBK 2 397655 1990
3 LBK 2 209579 1990
4th LBK 2 48838 1991
5 LBK 2 94745 1991
6th LBK 2 707934 1991
7th LBK 2 1370586 1992
8th LBK 2 34128 1992
9 LBK 2 506147 1993
10 LBK 2 34054 1993
11 LBK 2 661950 1994
12 LBK 4th 267473 1997
13 FMA 400717 1997
14th FMA 805782 1998
15th LBK 3 2603868 1992
16 LBK 5 114434 1999
17th LBK 1 528682 2004
18th LBK 46516 2005
19th LBK 2, 6 443899 2005

Dating

The Brunn-Wolfholz settlement was dated using the radiocarbon method . A total of 42 samples of charcoal (oak), bones, ceramics and birch pitch were examined. Brunn-Wolfholz was dated 5650–5075 BC. Chr. (Cal.) Dated. This makes it one of the oldest known settlements of the linear ceramic culture . Wolfholz 2 is the oldest part of the settlement. Stadler and Kotova want to equate Brunn-Wolfholz 2 with Jiri Pavúk's Nitra phase and consider it older than Szentgyörgyvölgy-Pityerdomb . Wolfholz 2 is absolutely dated between 5650 and 5485 BC cal. Within settlement 2 they arrange houses 18, 74, 19, 25, 29, 16, 11, 21, 15, 14 and 57 of an older one, 10, 9, 6, 17, 13, 12, 60, 23, 20, 7 , 24, 69, 28, 31, 27 and 22 to a more recent phase (from 5460 BC), the latter overlapping with findings from Wolfholz 3.

Band ceramic settlement structure

77 house floor plans were discovered through excavation or geomagnetic prospection . The settlement covered an area of ​​at least 10 hectares . The buildings are arranged in six groups (Wolfholz 1-6), oriented in a north-south direction, 20 m long and 7–8 m wide.

Band ceramic finds

Ceramics

The ceramic is organically lean and largely undecorated. There were bowls, Kümpfe found bottles, carinated bowls and bowls with stand. Two ceramic spoons are rare special shapes that are otherwise only known from Moravia and Neckenmarkt .

Reference Ceramics
1 74.54 kg
2a 125.88 kg
2 B 313.89 kg
3 251.71 kg

Flint

About 10,000 silices were found, mostly from Szentgál radiolarite. But also wall horn and local Danube gravel are represented. Trapeze are common.

economy

The settlements are on the fertile black earth . At the Gießhübel north-east of the sites, there are radiolarites that may have been used as lithic raw material.

Avar findings

In addition to the band ceramic finds, Avar remains were also discovered, including three Avar wooden wells (findings 823, 824, 1288) and three pits (findings 970, 1241, 1242). They also contained hand-made settlement ceramics, a rare find in Austria. In addition to pots, there were also baking bells . 42 graves date to the 6th century. They were located between Brunner Strasse, Mühlgasse and Brunner Feld-Strasse and fell victim to the construction of an Agip petrol station. With one possible exception (grave 24), the graves were robbed . The graves are laid out in rows , the burials were oriented WSW-ONO, with the view to the east. Nine burials contained female, four likely female, ten male, and three likely male individuals.

literature

  • Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, ISBN 978-3-95741-100-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roman Sauer, Peter Stadler: Setting of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, geology and soil types. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, pp. 13-24.
  2. ^ Roman Sauer, Peter Stadler: Setting of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, geology and soil types. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 1.
  3. ↑ a b c d Matthias Kucera et al .: The topographical situation around the Linear Pottery Culture Sites of Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 25.
  4. ^ A b Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Radiocarbon chronology. In: the same (ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 233.
  5. ^ Matthias Kucera et al .: The topographical situation around the Linear Pottery Culture Sites of Brunn am Gebirge Wolf (s) holz. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 31.
  6. ^ Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Radiocarbon chronology. In: same (ed.), Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) . Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 231.
  7. ↑ Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Periodization of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 2. In: the same (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC ) . Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 245.
  8. ^ Peter Stadler: Settlement of the Early Linear Ceramics Culture at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz site. In: Documenta Praehistorica 32, 2005, p. 269.
  9. ↑ Eva Lenneis: Some essential characteristics of the ceramics from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, pp. 87-98.
  10. ↑ Eva Lenneis: Some essential characteristics of the ceramics from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 91.
  11. ↑ Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: The Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 2 settlement and the formative phase of the Linear Pottery Culture. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 408.
  12. ↑ Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: The Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 2 settlement and the formative phase of the Linear Pottery Culture. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 409.
  13. ^ Roman Sauer, Peter Stadler: Setting of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, geology and soil types. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 16.
  14. ^ Roman Sauer, Peter Stadler: Setting of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, geology and soil types. In: Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova (Ed.): Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). Beier & Beran, Weißbach, p. 14.
  15. ^ Herold, Hajnalka, Roman Sauer, Vera MF Hammer: The pottery of the Avar settlement remains of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz corridor, Mödling district, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 86, 2002, JSTOR 23784000 , pp. 161-181.
  16. ^ Herold, Hajnalka, Roman Sauer, Vera MF Hammer: The pottery of the Avar settlement remains of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz corridor, Mödling district, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 86, 2002, JSTOR 23784000 , p. 161.
  17. ^ Herold, Hajnalka, Roman Sauer, Vera MF Hammer: The pottery of the Avar settlement remains of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz corridor, Mödling district, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 86, 2002, JSTOR 23784000 , p. 163.
  18. ↑ Edeltraud Aspöck, Peter Stadler: The Longobard-era graves of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz floor, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 87, 2003, JSTOR 23782226 , p. 169.
  19. ↑ Edeltraud Aspöck: Grave openings in the early Middle Ages and the case study of the Longobard-era graves from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz corridor, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 87, 2003, JSTOR 23782227 , p. 245.
  20. ↑ Edeltraud Aspöck, Peter Stadler: The Longobard-era graves of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz floor, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 87, 2003, JSTOR 23782226 , p. 173.
  21. ↑ Edeltraud Aspöck, Peter Stadler: The Longobard-era graves of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz floor, Lower Austria. In: Archaeologia Austriaca 87, 2003, JSTOR 23782226 , p. 176.

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 15 ″  N , 16 ° 17 ′ 43 ″  E