Beech hole

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Relief map: Rhineland-Palatinate
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Beech hole​
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Rhineland-Palatinate

The Buchenloch (also Buchenlay ) is a cave in the dolomite rock massif of the Gerolsteiner Kalkmulde , north of Gerolstein in the Eifel .

An estimated 30,000 years ago, during the last ice age , it was visited by humans and animals, whether as a permanent living cave or only occasionally, is not clear from the findings. The cave was excavated in the 1880s by Eugen Bracht , a landscape painter . A stone tool discovered in the process could be assigned to the Moustérien , which means that Neanderthals were staying there. The animal bone finds indicate mammoths , cave bears , wild horses and reindeer as hunting prey. The archaeological finds are in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier , the bone finds are partly lost, some are in the Museum Villa Sarabodis in Gerolstein.

In the vicinity of the beech hole, in the Magdalenenhöhle in the south wall of Munterley, stone tools and pieces of jewelery were discovered whose age, determined by the radiocarbon method, is around 25,000 years.

The dimensions of the beech hole are given with a length of about 30 meters, a width of 4 meters and an average height of about 2.4 meters. The formation of limestone and stalactite can be seen in the cave . This is triggered by seepage water, which dissolves the rock components calcite and dolomite .

The cave, which has been under nature protection since 1938, is open to the public. It can be easily reached via the volcano hiking trail (Eifel). The ninth stage of the Eifelsteig also leads past the cave. However, the cavity between October 1 and March 31, should not be entered because at this time Bat applies protection time during which the entering caves , bunkers , tunnels and other potential hibernation dwellings is of bats prohibited by law.

  • Stone tools of the Moustérien

  • Entrance to the Buchenloch

literature

  • Excavation results in: Festschrift to welcome the XIV General Assembly of the German Anthropological Society, Trier 1883.
  • Jakob Schneider: The Kyllthal with its immediate surroundings, according to historical-antiquarian and natural historical references, and with regard to the legends . 1853, p. 63 ff . ( online excerpts ).
  • Hartwig Löhr: Buchenloch Cave . In: Guide to archaeological monuments of the Trier region (=  Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier [Hrsg.]: Series of publications by the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier . Volume 35 ). Trier 2008, ISBN 978-3-923319-73-2 , p. 108 f .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Kremb / Lautzas: State history excursion guide Rhineland-Palatinate . tape 2 . Verlag Arbogast, Otterbach 1991 (quoted in the entry on Buchenloch - Paleolithic Cave (Gerolstein) in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region ; accessed on September 12, 2017.).
  2. ↑ a b c d Buchenloch. In: www.eifelfuehrer.de. Retrieved September 12, 2017 .
  3. ^ A b KC von Leonhard and HG Bronn (editor, 1837): New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung, p. 490.
  4. ↑ a b Entry by Benjamin Keul on Buchenloch cave near Gerolstein in the " KuLaDig " database of the Rhineland Regional Council , accessed on September 12, 2017.
  5. ↑ Ordinance on the protection of natural monuments in the Daun district of April 16, 1938.
  6. ↑ Eifelsteig stage 09. From Hillesheim to Gerolstein. Retrieved September 12, 2017 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 13 ′ 53.8 "  N , 6 ° 39 ′ 35.1"  E