Humpback helmet
| Humpback helmet | |
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| Information | |
| Weapon type: | Protective weapon |
| Designations: | Humpback helmet |
| Use: | helmet |
| Lists on the subject | |
A humpback helmet is an Italic - Etruscan helmet shape made of bronze , which dates from the first half of the 7th century BC. Until the beginning of the 5th century BC. Was in use. They are known as additions to warrior graves.
The humpback helmets belong to the Italian helmets with a brim. They are divided into two types: The smooth humpback helmets, in which the hemispherical dome merges directly into the sloping brim, and the humpback helmets with a throat, in which a wide rim clearly separates the dome from the brim. Both types have the two eponymous humps on the dome, which are connected to a piece of sheet metal by a rivet pin reaching into the helmet. The helmet lining was probably clamped to this piece of sheet metal. Mounts for a horsehair comb were also attached to the dome.
There are two variants of the smooth humpback helmets. On the one hand the variant Vetulonia from the Etruscan region, which is the earliest form of the humpback helmet. In contrast to the first in the second half of the 7th century BC. The variant Montegiorgio Piceno, which occurs in the southern Picenum , consists of a material more than a millimeter thick and has a wider brim. In both variants, the bosses are located opposite each other in the upper part of the dome.
On the one hand, the humpback helmets with throat are divided into the Montelparo variant, in which horns and animal ears were driven out of the calotte from front to back. It came in the first half of the 6th century BC. In the Picenum. A related group is missing this horn ornament. In the Golasecca culture , the humpback helmet with throat was adopted in the Turin variant, with a horizontal brim and reinforced rim. In both variants, the humps are larger than in the smooth hump helmet and are located further down on the helmet bell.
description
A humpback helmet is made of bronze . The helmet bowl is hemispherical and, in the case of the type with a throat, is clearly set off from the edge of the helmet by a wide rim. The circumferential edge of the helmet is reinforced and decorated with engraved patterns. There are two holes on the apex line that are used to brace the crest ( zimir ), and there are also holes above the apex. A bracket was attached to the back, which probably served as an additional attachment to the helmet. The most striking thing about the helmets are the bumps on the right and left, which are made of a ceramic mass . They were covered with bronze sheet in their original condition and gave the helmet its name. The helmets are about 20 cm high and about 26 cm in diameter and weigh about 1200 grams. The Negau helmet developed from the humpback helmet .
literature
- Markus Egg : Italian helmets with brim. In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz: Antique helmets. Collection Lipperheide and other holdings of the Antikenmuseum Berlin (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. Monographs 14). Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-88467-019-0 , pp. 222-270.
- Jean MacIntosh Turfa: Catalog of the Etruscan Gallery of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology et al., Philadelphia PA et al. 2005, ISBN 1-931707-52-9 , p. 146.