Glycoprotein CD14
| Glycoprotein CD14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 326 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | CD14 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Mammals | |
CD14 ( "CD" from Cluster of Differentiation ) is a surface protein that is mainly formed by monocytes and macrophages of mammals . CD14 has an opsonin receptor function and binds bacterial fatty acids and peptidoglycans . Together with TLR4 and lymphocyte antigen 96 it forms the lipopolysaccharide receptor .
CD14 is a 55kDa glycoprotein that is linked to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor . In endothelial cells, CD14 has a regulatory function for cell survival. Although the predominant concentration is significantly lower, the dissolution of CD14 by macrophages in these cells leads to programmed cell death ( apoptosis ).
CD14 is also expressed in cells of the brain: it is found under basal conditions (especially in the microglia ) in the leptomeninges, in the choroid plexus, and along the blood vessels. When lipopolysaccharides are administered systemically (intravenously), CD14 is increased in these regions within the next (1) -3- (24) hours. This activation begins in the structures with a more permeable blood-brain barrier , the ( circumventricular organs ) and continues into deeper brain sections.
Polymorphisms
Mutations in the CD14 - gene have been found in many studies. In a study of 440 Han Chinese children, the occurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was directly associated with the polymorphism C-159T. The same mutation was a risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma in a study with 170 Greek children . A possible increase in the risk of COPD was found in the study of 250 smokers.
Another mutation, C-260T, is linked to the severity of the course of infectious diseases such as periodontitis or ulcerative colitis .
regulation
The CD14 expression is increased by TNF-α and IL-1β (different in different tissues) (in the sense of a positive feedback ) as long as lipopolysaccharides are present.
credentials
- ↑ Homologues at OMA
- ↑ UniProt P08571
- ↑ Lacroix S, Feinstein D, Rivest S: The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide has the ability to target the brain in upregulating its membrane CD14 receptor within specific cellular populations . In: Brain Pathol . 8, No. 4, October 1998, pp. 625-40. PMID 9804372 .
- ^ Zeng HS, Chen XY, Luo XP: The association with the -159C / T polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD14 gene and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a Chinese Han population . In: J Rheumatol . 36, No. 9, September 2009, pp. 2025-8. doi : 10.3899 / jrheum.081093 . PMID 19605672 .
- ↑ Andrie E, Michos A, Kalampoki V, et al. : Genetic variants in immunoregulatory genes and risk for childhood lymphomas . In: Eur J Haematol . 83, No. 4, October 2009, pp. 334-42. doi : 10.1111 / j.1600-0609.2009.01288.x . PMID 19508433 .
- ↑ Zhou H, Alexis NE, Almond M, et al. : Influence of C-159T SNP of the CD14 gene promoter on lung function in smokers . In: Respir Med . 103, No. 9, September 2009, pp. 1358-65. doi : 10.1016 / j.rmed.2009.03.007 . PMID 19361972 .
- ↑ Raunio T, Knuuttila M, Karttunen R, Vainio O, Tervonen T: Serum sCD14, polymorphism of CD14 (-260) and periodontal infection . In: Oral Dis . 15, No. 7, October 2009, pp. 484-9. doi : 10.1111 / j.1601-0825.2009.01573.x . PMID 19500269 .
- ↑ Wang F, Tahara T, Arisawa T, et al. : Genetic polymorphisms of CD14 and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) in patients with ulcerative colitis . In: J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 22, No. 6, June 2007, pp. 925-9. doi : 10.1111 / j.1440-1746.2007.04909.x . PMID 17565650 .
- ↑ Rivest S, Lacroix S, Vallières L, Nadeau S, Zhang J, Laflamme N: How the blood talks to the brain parenchyma and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus during systemic inflammatory and infectious stimuli Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Info : The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. . 223, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 22-38. PMID 10632958 .
Web links
- de Bono / Gay / reactome: GPI-bound CD14 binds LPS
- de Bono / Gay / reactome: Secreted CD14 binds LPS