Capnodis tenebricosa
| Capnodis tenebricosa | ||||||||||||
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Capnodis tenebricosa |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Capnodis tenebricosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Olivier , 1790) |
Capnodis tenebricosa is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle and the subfamily Chrysochroinae . The genus Capnodis is represented in Europe with six species , in Central Europe only with the species Capnodis tenebrionis .
Notes on the name
Capnodis tenebricosa was first described by Olivier in 1790 under the name Buprestis tenebricosa . The description begins with the words d'un noir bronzé ( French for a bronze-colored black). This explains the species name tenebricōsa ( Latin: dark).
The genus Buprestis was broken down into many genera by Eschscholtz in 1829. The genus Capnodis includes the species whose shield is rounded at the back and whose last tarsal link is wider than it is long. The generic name Capnodis is from Altgr. καπνώδης kapnōdes, derived from smoky and means of dark color, dusted gray .
Capnodis tenebricosa Olivier is synonymous with Capnodis tenebrionis Rossi , but not synonymous with Capnodis tenebrionis Linnaeus . In the same year as Olivier, Rossi describes the beetle under the name used by Linnaeus, also refers to the description by Linnaeus and then explains why the Beetle he describes is, in his opinion, not the one described by Linnaeus.
In older literature is for Capnodis tenebricosa Olivier also Capnodis tenebricosa autumn used.
   
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| Fig. 1: different views | ||
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Fig. 2: Section of the breast shield |
Fig. 3: Detail of the wing cover indicated in green: black dot stripes : spot in the interval |
Fig. 4: Section of the underside, 2 last sternite |
Characteristics of the beetle
The beetle becomes fifteen to twenty millimeters long and eight to nine millimeters wide. It shows the typical boat shape of the jewel beetle. In cross-section, the top is slightly more arched than the bottom. The upper side is described in the detailed part of the first description as matt shiny bronzed black , in a later description as dark bronze brown, sometimes black . The beetle has a faint matt sheen with shiny calluses.
The retracted head is irregular, moderately dense and finely dotted with a few slightly raised, matt and smooth areas that are hardly darker. The short, eleven-link, bronze-colored antennae are hardly longer than the head. The base link is thick, the second and third links short and spherical, the fourth slightly longer and inversely conical. From the fifth onwards, the links are not triangular inward, but rather rectangularly widened (weakly sawn). The eyes are large, oval, lateral and only slightly protruding (clearly visible in the frontal view in Fig. 1).
The pronotum is bluntly heart-shaped, slightly wider than it is long. At the front it narrows to the width of the head. The pronotum base is concave on the sides and convex in the middle. In the middle of the base of the pronotum there is a deeply indented dimple in the form of an obtuse angle that is rounded at the front and open towards the back. The pronotum is also moderately dense and finely dotted with dark calluses, but these are clearly raised, shiny and sharply contrasted in color. According to an old description, these raised ornaments give the pronotum the appearance of carving (Fig. 2). Among these calluses, five large, very shiny so-called mirror spots are particularly noticeable. At the base of the pronotum there is a mirror spot a little closer to the back corner than on the dimple, in front of each of these mirror spots there is a rounded mirror spot slightly in front of the center, and in front of the dimple, at the same level as the rounded spots, there is a fifth, usually irregularly frayed mirror spot. The back corners are approximately right angled. Due to the sharply defined calluses, the pronotum feels rough.
The elytra are barely wider than the pronotum and two and a half times as long as it. Each wing cover runs approximately parallel in the front half, in the rear half it narrows hardly convex to a rounded tip. The wing covers have dots arranged in longitudinal rows (colored green at the bottom left in Fig. 3). The intervals between these rows of points are about the same width and fairly flat. Some of them are densely dotted, others are somewhat raised, smooth and matt. Often every second interval is predominantly smooth and fairly regularly interrupted by roundish, deeper, golden, shiny spots, which are formed by a group of closely spaced points. This creates a structure that is referred to in a French-language description as marqueterie ( inlay , inlay ) (Fig. 3). However, this structure is quite irregular and varies between the individual individuals.
The black label is round and unusually small (point-shaped).
The underside and legs are dark blue-violet to bluish black. The underside and thighs have numerous pore points with a shiny golden border, from which a short bristle arises (Fig. 4). The last segment of the abdomen is cut off straight in the male or has extremely weak margins, in the female it is slightly convex.
biology
In warm climates, the beetle is regularly reported from almond, peach, cherry and pear cultures, where it can feed on fresh shoots. Occasionally the beetle has been and is classified as a pest, but compared to other Capnodis species with which it may have been confused, it is insignificant as a pest. This is also due to the fact that its larvae do not develop in the wood (as incorrectly stated in older publications), but rather live oligophagous in the roots of various types of dock . The beetle is therefore mainly found on the ground, sitting in isolation in the sun or on dry grass (xerophilic grass vegetation), as well as under stones. It can be found on the host plants and various neighboring plants, in Greece between February and October in the loose scrub forest of the plains and lower mountains and in the garigue .
distribution
The species occurs around the Mediterranean Sea and on most of the Mediterranean islands (holomediterranean). In addition, the beetle has been reported from Portugal to the west and to the east its range extends to Central Asia ( Iran , Afghanistan , Kazakhstan ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Systematics of the genus Capnodis from Fauna Europaea, accessed on December 8, 2016
- ↑ a b Systematics and distribution of the species Capnodis tenebricosa in Fauna Europaea, accessed on December 8, 2016
- ↑ M. Olivier: Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coleoptères Tome II Paris 1790 p. 397: 62
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 Division of Buprestis p. 8
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Petrus Rossius: Fauna Etrusca ... 1st volume, Libornum ( Livorno ) 1790 p. 185 Capnodis tenebrionis in the sense of tenebricosa
- ^ Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst: Natural system of all known domestic and foreign insects, ... the beetle ninth part Berlin 1801 p. 43 in the Google book search
- ↑ a b H. C. Küster: Europe's beetles - described from nature, 5th issue Nuremberg 1846 p. 101
- ^ A b Charles Kerremans: Monograph des Buprestides Tome 5, Bruxelles 1910 - 1912 key p. 618, description p. 624
- ↑ WF Erichson et al .: Natural history of Germany's insects Coleoptera Fourth Volume Berlin 1857 p. 29
- ↑ a b c Jan Obenberger: Catalog raisonné des Buprestides de Bulgarie in Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle Vol. V, Sophia, Bulgaria 1932 p. 49
- ↑ J. Klapperich: Entomologically and economically significant insect pests in Jordanian agriculture in Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Vol. 41, pp. 164–168 1968 doi : 10.1007 / BF02178922
- ↑ P. Vayssière: Les Insectes nuisibles aux cultures du Maroc in Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France Paris 1919-1920 p. 341
- ↑ P. Macquart: Arbres et arbrisseaux d'Europe et leurs insectes Lille 1852 p. 139
- ↑ a b J.B. Go to: Notes pour servir a l'Histoire des Insectes nuisibles ... 1st part, Coléoptères in Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Departement de la Moselle 8th issue Metz 1857 p. 77
- ↑ G. Curletti: I Buprestidi d'Italia. Catalogo Tassonomico, Sinonimico, Biologico, Geonemico in Natura bresciana 19, 1994
- ↑ Antonio Verdugo-Páez: Los Buprestidos de la Comunidad Autonoma Andaluza (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) Boletín de la SAE n ° 5 (2002) p. 19 ISSN 1578-1666
- ↑ VP Sakalian: Studies on Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in the Sadanski-Petriè and Goce Delèev valleys - Southwest Bulgaria in Acta Zoologica bulgarica 1933
- ↑ Francesc Español: De re entomologica - Contributió al coneixement dels Buprestidae catalans p. 209
- ↑ a b H.Mühle, P. Brandl, M. Niehuis: Catalogus Faunae Graeciae; Coleoptera: Buprestidae Printed in Germany by Georg Rößle Augsburg 2000
- ↑ H.Ghobari, M. Yu. Kalashian, J. Nozari: Contriburion to the knowledge of the jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) fauna of Kurdistan province of Iran in Caucasian entomological Bull 8 (2): 232 - 239 (2012)
