Carabus galicianus
| Carabus galicianus | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carabus galicianus |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Carabus galicianus | ||||||||||||
| Gory , 1839 |
|
|
| Fig. 1: Habitat | Fig. 2: side view |
|
 |
| Fig. 3: Front view | Fig. 4: Wing cover, shoulder area |
Carabus (Ctenocarabus) galicianus is a beetle from the family of ground beetles . The numerous species of the genus Carabus are divided into 33 subgenera in Europe alone. Carabus galicianus belongs to the subgenus Ctenocarabus and is the only representative of this subgenus. The beetle is found mainly in northwestern Spain and is classified as endangered in Spain.
Comments on the place of discovery, first description and naming
The beetle was found en masse by the entomologist Deyrolle in May and June on streams in Galicia and sent to Gory together with other species . The puzzling locations of these finds that appear in the literature (Sierra de Perrache, Val Pemache, Río de Penache) have recently been clarified. This is the area around a striking mountain formation in the province of Ourense near the border with Portugal, which today bears the name Pena de Gache . A detailed description of the Beetle with drawings has been submitted for publication by Gory . Of this, only the short Latin description, which precedes the French description, was published in 1839 as a kind of preprint. Chevrolat described the same Beetle in the next issue of the same magazine. He remarks: Mr. Gory described this ground beetle ... a year ago. He describes him as coming from Spain and ( fr. ) Galicie . Since the author has meant that he made (fr.) Galice comes, I have the name Galicianus in Gallaecianus changed . In the older literature, Carabus gallaecianus also appears as a synonym for Carabus galicianus , and both names refer to Galicia. The epithet gallaecianus is the spelling of galicianus, which is based on the Roman province of Gallaecia . In addition, Chevrolat criticizes Gory's description for incorrectly using the term dotted instead of granulated when describing the wing covers .
The subgenus Ctenocarabus was established by Thomson in 1875 . The prefix Cteno- is from Altgr. κτείς κτενός "ktēīs, ktenós" derived for "comb", a reason for this name is not apparent from the description.
Description of the beetle
The beetle has roughly the shape of the gold beetle . It is almost completely matt blue-black, only part of the legs are bright orange-red. In an early illustration (see web links) the length is given as 21.5 millimeters.
The slender head is stretched forward and not expanded at the back. The upper jaws are long, their inner and outer edges evenly curved towards the tip. There is a small tooth at the base. The upper lip is bulged in the front center. The penultimate link of the lip switch has only two bristles standing in a row. The outer drawer of the lower jaw is transformed into another jaw probe. The throat has bristle points on the side. The large eyes protrude laterally beyond the outline of the head. The eleven-link, thread-shaped antennae are turned in just before the eyes.
The pronotum bears a bristle point in the rear corners and the middle of the page. It is about the same length as it is wide at the front, slightly wider than at the back and grainy. It has an unshortened longitudinal furrow.
The wing covers are relatively flat. They are slightly serrated on the shoulders and on the sides, the perforation only disappears towards the end of the wing covers (Fig. 4). Apart from Ctenocarabus, only the subgenus Hydrocarabus has perforation, but here it is only developed in the shoulder area. At the posterior end, the wing covers are not curved, but only slightly cut out. Each wing cover has three keel-like raised ribs. This characteristic separates Ctenocarabus from Hydrocarabus . The spaces in between carry small, predominantly longitudinally oriented, flat granules.
The legs are black, only the thighs red-orange except at the knees. The tarsi are all five-part. On the fore tarsi of the males, three limbs are enlarged and the sole is covered with a stiff hairbrush. The first link of the hind tarsi is flattened on top, rough and furrowed.
biology
The ecological requirements of the species are high ( stenotop ). The beetle is tied to fast flowing clean water with a stony river bed and shady banks (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the water must have a semi-arid shore zone. The beetle is found under stones that are partially in the water or near the shore. It feeds mainly on water snails (video under web links). It is nocturnal and an indicator of good water quality. In favorable climatic conditions, the species does not go into hibernation or only for a very short time. In the case of hibernation in Galicia, this is between October and May. The beetle looks for embankments near the water. The larvae live in the same biotope as the adult animals.
Systematics and evolution
The genus Carabus probably originated around 25 million years ago in the Upper Oligocene or Miocene, it was previously considered to be considerably older (up to 50 million years). Many species groups, including the other relatives of this species, show a disjoint distribution of European and East Asian species groups, which may have climatic causes: the genus, which was strongly bound to forests and originally probably continuous Palearctic distribution, was split with its habitats into two distribution areas through the aridization of Central Asia . Closest related to Carabus galicianus is the Iberian-North African Carabus melancholicus , which has recently often been included in the subgenus Ctenocarabus , but this view is not included in the species catalog of the Iberian Carabus species. According to the molecular data, the closest relatives of this group are the species of the subgenus Tachypus (to which the Central European Carabus auratus and cancellatus also belong).
distribution
The beetle occurs from sea level to mountain regions of 1000 meters on watercourses that meet the ecological needs of the species. The distribution area is limited to western northern Spain and Portugal.
literature
Ana M. Campos Gómez, Francisco Iovoa Docet: Los Crabidae (Orden Coleoptera) de Galicia (NO de España) Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico Santiago de Compostela ISBN 978-84-9750-629-8 , p. 62f Preview in Google - Book search
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Carabus Galicianus at fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 22, 2013
- ↑ Carabus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 22, 2013
- ↑ a b Ctenocarabus (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 22, 2013
- ↑ LP Torrella Allegue: Artículo Sobre la localización geográfica de algunas coleópteros capturados por Narcisse Deyrolle en Galicia in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 4 2010, pp. 27–34 ISSN 1989-6581 ( PDF; 282 kB )
- ↑ M. H: Gory in Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne 1839 in BHL p. 307 and 325f
- ↑ a b c MA Chevrolat: Description de quelque coléoptères de Galice et du Portugal, provenant d'envois de M. Deyrolles fils in Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne 1840 p. 8ff at BHL Description p. 11
- ↑ JB Géhin: Catalog synonymiques et systematiques des Coleoptères de tribu Carabides Prague 1885 at BHL p. 44
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
- ^ A b CG Thomson: Några anmärkningar nmärkningar öfver arterna af slägeet Carabus in Opuscula entomologica Vol. 8. Lund 1875 p. 615 in BHL p. 640 key of the subgenus and in BHL description of the subgenus p. 683
- ↑ G. Kraatz: Excerpt from Thomson's Anmärkningar af Carabus, overview of the sub-genres from Carabus to Thomson in Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 20th year Berlin 1876 p. 325 in BHL p. 325
- ↑ a b G. Bernau: Carabus cancellatus Ill., A contribution to its knowledge in Entomologische Blätter, International Journal for Biology and Systematics of Beetles, 10th year, Berlin 1914 p. 267 at BHL p. 275
- ↑ a b Ana M Campos Gómez, Francisco Iovoa Docet: Los Crabidae (Orden Coleoptera) de Galicia (NO de España) Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico Santiago de Compostela ISBN 978-84-9750-629-8 , p. 70f preview in the google book search
- ↑ Thierry Deuve, Astrid Cruaud, Gwenaëlle Genson, Jean-Yves Rasplus (2012): Molecular systematics and evolutionary history of the genus Carabus (Col. Carabidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 65, Issue 1: 259-275. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.06.015
- ↑ Ctenocarabus in Carabidae of the World
- ↑ José Serrano (2003): Catálogo de los Carabidae (Coleoptera) de la Península Ibérica. Monographs SEA vol. 9. Zaragoza.
