Carduelis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carduelis
Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), male

Goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ), male

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Family : Finches (Fringillidae)
Subfamily : Goldfinches (Carduelinae)
Tribe : Carduelini
Genre : Carduelis
Scientific name
Carduelis
Brisson , 1760

Carduelis is a genus in the goldfinch subfamilywithinthe finch family (Fringillidae). The name comes from the Latin carduus (thistle). The scientific name of the type species , the goldfinch , which is also called goldfinch , "Carduelis carduelis"goes back to this origin.

Since the turn of the millennium, the composition of the genus has changed rapidly. The genus, which used to be very species-rich with over 30 species, has turned out to be non- monophyletic through molecular genetic studies and was finally divided into several genera in the course of more detailed investigations. At the moment (2018) the genus only contains three species.

features

The species of the genus are medium-sized finches with short, conical, quite powerful beaks . The birds have a body length of about 11 to 13 centimeters. The wingspan is 21 to 25 centimeters and the body weight varies from about 12 to 19 grams.

The plumage of the three species is generally colorful, but without genus-typical characteristics. The sexual dimorphism in Corsica and lemon siskins is weak, in the goldfinch it is not visibly pronounced. The singing of all three types is similar and can be described as "cheerfully chirping".

Systematics

By DNA -Untersuchungen of the mitochondrial cytochrome b , it was found that the cross-bills ( Loxia ) in the former genus Carduelis are included. Through several years of captive observations on Asian and European goldfinch subspecies and three Chloris species (green finches) it was shown that the different subspecies of the goldfinch and the three examined greenfinch species form two self-contained groups of the Carduelis genus that are separate from one another without transitional forms. Further information was provided in 2012 by the publication of a molecular genetic study of finch birds by D. Zuccon et al. After this study, a major restructuring of the goldfinch was undertaken, which resulted in the genus Carduelis being divided into a variety of genera, including the American siskin ( Acanthis ), the linnet ( Linaria ) and the greenfinch ( Chloris ).

species

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Arnaiz-Villena, J. Guillén, V. Ruiz-del-Valle, E. Lowy, J. Zamora, P. Varela, D. Stefani, LM Allende: Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches. In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. Vol. 58, 2001, pp. 1159-1166 ( PDF ).
  2. ^ A. Arnaiz-Villena, M. Álvarez-Tejado, V. Ruiz-del-Valle, C. García-de-la-Torre, P. Varela, MJ Recio, S. Ferre. J. Martínez-Laso: Phylogeny and rapid Northern and Southern Hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. Vol. 54, 1998, pp. 1031-1041.
  3. ↑ Avibase Database: Lemon siskin ( Carduelis citrinella ) (Pallas, 1764)
  4. ↑ Hans Rudolf Güttinger: Relationships and song structure in goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and green relatives (Chloris spec.). In: Journal of Ornithology. Vol. 119, No. 2 / April 1978, 2005, doi : 10.1007 / BF01644587 , pp. 172-190.
  5. ↑ D. Zuccon, R. Prŷs-Jones, P. Rasmussen and P. Ericson: The phylogenetic relationships and generis Limits of finches (Fringillidae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 62 , no. 2 , February 2012, p. 581-596 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.10.002 ( PDF ).

Web links

Commons : Carduelis  - collection of images, videos and audio files