Cariamiformes
| Cariamiformes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotfußseriema ( Cariama cristata ) |
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||
| Upper Paleocene to date | ||||||||||
| 58.7 to 0 million years | ||||||||||
| Locations | ||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Cariamiformes | ||||||||||
| Fürbringer , 1888 | ||||||||||
The Cariamiformes are an order of birds to which only a recent family, the Seriemas (Cariamidae), has two species, the red-footed seriema ( Cariama cristata ) and the black-footed seriema ( Chunga burmeisteri ). Both occur in central South America , are medium-sized birds and live mainly as fast, mainly carnivorous runners on the ground, but are still able to fly. In addition to the Seriemas, some extinct bird families are assigned to the Cariamiformes, including the sometimes huge, flightless Phorusrhacids as well as some basic genera without family assignment.
features
The Cariamiformes are or were medium-sized to very large, exclusively to predominantly soil-dwelling, long-legged birds that feed on or feed mainly carnivorous or as scavengers (the stomach preserved in the holotype of Strigogyps sapea , however, contains plant remains ). Its characteristic features include a protruding bone above the eye socket (“supraorbital process”), a short carpometacarpus (a bone made of fused carpal and metacarpal bones), a large distance between the metacarpal bones, and a distinct, ventrally aligned nodule on the one facing the body End of the curved small metacarpal bone and a cuboid hypotarsus (the bony bulge on the back of the bird's foot) without grooves for the flexor tendons of the toes.
Systematics
The Cariamiformes were initially set up in 1888 by the German ornithologist Max Fürbringer as a subordination Cariamae and assigned to the crane birds (Gruiformes). This assignment was never examined and confirmed in the following time. With the advent of cladistics and the method of DNA comparison to determine relationships, more and more doubts about the relationship between Seriemas and cranes arose. In mid-2008, an extensive phylogenetic study was published that placed the Seriemas in a sister group relationship to a clade formed by the falcons (Falconiformes), parrots (Psittaciformes) and passerines (Passeriformes), which in 2011 was named Australaves. In the meantime the Cariamiformes have been raised to the rank of an order.
Internal system
- Itaboravis ?, South America, †
- Elaphrocnemus , Europe, †
- Seriemas (Cariamidae), South America
- Ameghinornithidae , Europe, †
- Bathornithidae , North America, †
- Idiornithidae , Europe, †
- Phorusrhacidae , South America, †
- Salmilidae , Europe, †
- Gradiornis , Europe, †
literature
- Alan Feduccia : The Origin and Evolution of the Birds. 2nd ed., Yale University Press, New Haven / London 1999, ISBN 0300078617 .
- Gerald Mayr: Paleogene Fossil Birds , Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-3540896272
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Rodolphe Tabuce, M'hammed Mahboubi, Mohammed Adaci & Mustapha Bensalah: A Phororhacoid bird from the Eocene of Africa. Natural Sciences (2011) 98: 815-823, DOI: 10.1007 / s00114-011-0829-5
- ↑ G. Mayr. 2009, page 139
- ↑ Hackett et al .: A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History . Science 27 June 2008: Vol. 320. no. 5884, pp. 1763–1768 doi : 10.1126 / science.1157704
- ↑ Per GP Ericson: Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations. Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2012) 39, 813-824
- ↑ Proposal (# 290) to South American Classification Committee - Recognize Cariamidae in their own Order, Cariamiformes ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ IOC World Bird List - Order Cariamiformes
- ↑ Mayr, G., Alvarenga, H. & Clarke, JA 2011. An Elaphrocnemus − like landbird and other avian remains from the late Paleocene of Brazil (PDF; 208 kB). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 679-684
