Carry-over effect
The carry-over effect belongs to the group of broadcast effects .
Carry-over effects are important in agriculture. There they describe long-term metabolic changes in crops or permanent crops, which due to changed environmental conditions (climatic effects, atomic pollution, etc.) lead to yield losses and quality reductions over the years, or the problematic forwarding of genetically modified organisms (pollen, seeds) or when livestock with pollutants eat contaminated food and this then accumulates in the meat.
This effect is also used in the sales , marketing and advertising industries. It is also an after-effect of marketing and advertising measures on subsequent periods of time. It gains its additional importance in the forecast of repeat purchases, imitation and saturation effects, which is part of advertising impact research.
Observational studies have shown that 90% of this effect disappears after eight to nine months. [Receipt?]
The problem is known from company organization that employees fall back into old behavior after a change process. The reason for this lies in the old, unchanged structures after reorganization. This aftereffect is known as the carry-over problem.
In textile washing machines , dishwashers and other dishwashers in which water is pumped in a circuit and pumped out after a wash cycle, a residual amount of water usually remains in the pump sump , the contents of which (impurities, added chemicals) pass into the next wash cycle during batch operation. This poorly avoidable carry-over effect, which is not desired in textile washing machines (because of the drag-out of undesired dissolved compounds), is necessary in dishwashers in order to transfer the chemicals already contained in the detergents (such as softeners ) into the next wash cycle. over ”and to be active there. This, however, is associated with a high level of unnecessary environmental pollution, because the transferred agents must be present in a high amount and concentration suitable for the subsequent wash cycle in the small liquid volume of the pump sump, but at the end of the previous wash cycle they are mostly pumped out in the same concentration without having any effect to be reached (more about this in washing machine # germs and impurities and machine dishwashing detergents ).
When preparing food or when packing, food residues can be carried over to the next batch despite the cleaning of the machines . Because of such bad preventable Carry-over effects include food labels often the warning for allergy sufferers This product may contain traces of ... .
Further carry-over effects are observed in medicine, pharmaceutical research, agriculture and psychology.
literature
- Heribert Meffert: Marketing . Gabler, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3409690174 , p. 568.
- Anton Meyer, J. Hugh Davidson: Offensive Marketing. Winning with POISE: Shaping markets, using potential . Freiburg i. Br., Haufe Mediengruppe, 2001 ISBN 9783448040937
Individual evidence
- ↑ K.-H. Schwind, H. Hecht: Dioxin in feed and food - A prime example of carry-over effects and their consequences ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB), Bulletin of Meat Research Kulmbach 43, No. 164, pages 169–174
- ↑ Report of the United Nations on the carry-over effect of radiation from Chernobyl (PDF; 4.1 MB)
