Casal brotherhood

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The Casal Brotherhood , also Kasalbruderschaft was a Knight Alliance in Bremen in the 14th century, after unrest around the murder of a councilor was expelled in 1349 from the city.

The Brotherhood

The term Casal Brotherhood derives from the meeting of the members of the federation, the Casal (of lat. Casa , house ') of the family of Gröpelingen, an attached stone residential tower in the upper street corner Kreyenfeld road . The leaders of the group were Conrad (also called Cordt or Curdt ) von Gröpelingen the Elder, who came from a knightly ministerial family and was the owner of the Casal, his cousin Conrad von Gröpelingen the Younger and Johann Duckel. There are no records of the purpose and time of the founding of the brotherhood; it was probably originally a community of patricians to practice knightly skills for tournaments . The members came from families who had attained wealth and power in the service of the Bremen Archbishopric . In the 14th century, these influential sexes increasingly came into conflict with the majority in the Bremen Council in terms of power politics  - a conflict that led to unrest in the city as early as 1304 after the murder of Arnd von Gröpelingen (a relative of Conrad the Elder and the Younger) would have.

The murder case and the consequences

In the course of time, the Casal Brothers also acquired a bad reputation, as they were said to have committed “violent outrages of many kinds” and their opponents in the bourgeois upper class suspected them of “not really bourgeois blood and spirit”. Tensions came to a head when, on the night of February 25, 1349, the Casal brother Otto Lange Mertens (also written Langemertens and Lange Martens , son of a councilor) ambushed his uncle Bernd Vogt - with whom he was in dispute - at the Balge Bridge. When a man approached the bridge in the dark, Lange Mertens attacked him, fatally injured him in the course of a fight and fled. However, the victim was not Bernd Vogt, but Councilor Hinrich Grove, whom Lange Mertens probably attacked in the belief that Vogt was in front of him. The next morning at the scene of the crime, the heuke (a cloak) and the gugel (a hood) of the attacker, which he had apparently lost during the attack, were found next to the victim . They were hung on a pole and carried through the city and thus led to the identification and arrest of the Casal brother.

As long Mertens before one for the murder of Grove City Hall in criminal court should be provided, stormed members of Casal Brotherhood, led by Johann Duckel armed force in the town hall for his release. As a result, there was a scuffle in which the future councilor Richard Reme was injured. The council sounded the storm bell , whereupon a large number of armed citizens rushed up. The Casal brothers, including Otto Lange Mertens, fled the city. The Casal of the von Gröpelingen family was torn down and on February 27 the Casal brothers Conrad von Gröpelingen the Elder, Conrad von Gröpelingen the Younger, Johann Duckel and his four brothers Gerhard, Eberhard, Heinrich and Franko were laid peaceably (ostracized) and given them upon loss of Head forbidden to return to the city. In addition, the councilor Albert Paal (also written Yspal ) - who had probably taken sides for the Casal brothers - was expelled from the council on February 27, 1349.

The aftermath

Some time later, the Casal brother Heinrich Duckel, who had returned to Bremen despite the ostracism, was apprehended at the Paulskloster and killed. In 1363 the councilor Marten Lange Martens, a brother of Otto Lange Mertens, was sentenced to death by burning when he tried to get hold of the property of the von Gröpelingen family on Obernstrasse by means of a forged hand-held party (a certificate). In the 15th century this property was inhabited by the parent man Burchard Lösekanne .

literature

  • Gerd Rinesberch , Herbord Schene : Bremer Chronik . In Bremen. The chronicles of the cities of Lower Saxony . Volume 37, Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences by Hermann Meinert (ed.), Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1968.
  • Hans G. Trüper : Knights and Squires between Weser and Elbe. The ministry of the Archbishopric of Bremen. Stade 2000, ISBN 3-931879-05-4 , pp. 539-545.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Buchenau: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and its area: a contribution to the geography and topography of Germany. Third, completely revised edition . Verlag von GA v. Halem, Bremen 1900, p. 160 .
  2. ^ The Duckel Family. (No longer available online.) University of Illinois, formerly original ; Retrieved March 6, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / netfiles.uiuc.edu  
  3. ↑ a b Carsten Miesegaes: Chronicle of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen . tape 3 . Bremen 1833, p. 161 .
  4. ^ Johann Hermann Duntze: History of the free city of Bremen . tape 1 . Heyse, Bremen 1845, p. 411 .
  5. ↑ Gerd Rinesberch , Herbord Schene : Bremer Chronik . In: The chronicles of the cities of Lower Saxony . tape 37 . Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1968, p. 128 .
  6. ↑ a b c Gerd Rinesberch , Herbord Schene : Bremer Chronik . In: The chronicles of the cities of Lower Saxony . tape 37 . Carl Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1968, p. 127 .
  7. ^ Stefan Pätzold: Bishop and Citizen . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004, p. 108 .
  8. ^ Carsten Miesegaes: Chronicle of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen . tape 3 . Bremen 1833, p. 162 .