Cassiopea

Cassiopea
	Cassiopea andromeda
Systematics
Trunk :	Cnidarians (Cnidaria)
Class :	Umbrella jellyfish (Scyphozoa)
Order :	Root-mouth jellyfish (Rhizostomeae)
Family :	Cassiopeidae
Genre :	Cassiopea
Scientific name
	Cassiopea
	Péron & Lesueur , 1810

Cassiopea (also: Mangrovequalle ) is a genus of umbrella jellyfish . These jellyfish can be found worldwide and often - but not exclusively - live in shallow, mangrove -shaped coastal waters. There they prefer to stay on sandy or seagrass-covered areas. Mostly you meet them in larger groups.

particularities

The mangrove jellyfish is also called Upside Down Jellyfish (for example: Upside down jellyfish ) because it is not driven around by the ocean current, like other jellyfish, but instead attaches itself permanently to the seabed. The tentacles are turned upwards towards the sunlight, the jellyfish is upside down . In addition, this genus lives in symbiosis with algae , which are located in the tentacle tissues and carry out photosynthesis there. Mangrove jellyfish also have nettle cells (nematocytes), the cassiosomes, but these are primarily used for defense and can cause slight itching and skin irritation in humans. The cassiosomes are characterized, among other things, by the fact that they can be released into the open water with mucus and can thus be effective outside the body of the jellyfish. This has been postulated as an explanation for the phenomenon of "stinging water", in which divers report feeling similar skin irritations even without touching a jellyfish. Although it does not have a central nervous system , a sleep-like state has been observed in Cassiopea.

Systematics

Nine species are given for the genus, but their taxonomic status is unclear.

Cassiopea xamachana

Cassiopea andromeda Forskål, 1775
Cassiopea depressa Haeckel, 1880
Cassiopea frondosa Pallas, 1774
Cassiopea medusa Light, 1914
Cassiopea mertensi Brandt, 1838
Cassiopea ndrosia Agassiz et Mayer, 1899
Cassiopea ornata Haeckel, 1880
Cassiopea xamachana RP Bigelow, 1892

Web links

Commons : Cassiopea - collection of images, videos and audio files

Animal Diversity Web (en)
On NCBI : Cassiopea (en)

Individual evidence

↑ Edward A. Drew, The biology and physiology of alga-invertebrate symbioses. I. Carbon fixation in Cassiopea sp. at aldabra atoll , Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1972
↑ "While cassiosomes bear some resemblance to another cnidarian structure Originating in mesenteries of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella called nematosomes (...), the unique traits of cassiosomes in C. xamachana include Their release into the water column within mucus, the ability to trap and kill prey as mobile grenades outside of the medusa, their organization as an outer epithelial layer surrounding a mostly empty core (rather than a solid ball of cells), and the presence of centrally-located endosymbiotic Symbiodinium dinoflagellates . "Quote: Introduction by : Cheryl L. Ames, Anna ML Klompen, Krishna Badhiwala, Kade Muffett, Abigail J. Reft, Mehr Kumar, Jennie D. Janssen, Janna N. Schultzhaus, Lauren D. Field, Megan E. Muroski, Nick Bezio, Jacob T. Robinson, Dagmar H. Leary, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collins, Gary J. Vora: Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana . In: Communications Biology . tape 3 , no. 67 , February 13, 2020, doi : 10.1038 / s42003-020-0777-8 .
↑ Cheryl L. Ames, Anna ML Klompen, Krishna Badhiwala, Kade Muffett, Abigail J. Reft, Mehr Kumar, Jennie D. Janssen, Janna N. Schultzhaus, Lauren D. Field, Megan E. Muroski, Nick Bezio, Jacob T. Robinson, Dagmar H. Leary, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collins, Gary J. Vora: Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana . In: Communications Biology . tape 3 , no. 67 , February 13, 2020, doi : 10.1038 / s42003-020-0777-8 .
↑ Ravi D. Nath, Claire N. Bedbrook, Michael J. Abrams, Ty Basinger, Justin S. Bois: The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State . In: Current Biology . tape 0 , no. 0 , September 21, 2017, ISSN 0960-9822 , doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2017.08.014 ( cell.com [accessed February 9, 2018]).
↑ Collins, AG; Jarms, G .; Morandini, AC (2018). World List of Scyphozoa. Cassiopea Péron & Lesueur, 1810. Retrieved from: World Register of Marine Species, on June 27, 2018

[1] Edward A. Drew, The biology and physiology of alga-invertebrate symbioses. I. Carbon fixation in Cassiopea sp. at aldabra atoll , Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1972

[2] "While cassiosomes bear some resemblance to another cnidarian structure Originating in mesenteries of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella called nematosomes (...), the unique traits of cassiosomes in C. xamachana include Their release into the water column within mucus, the ability to trap and kill prey as mobile grenades outside of the medusa, their organization as an outer epithelial layer surrounding a mostly empty core (rather than a solid ball of cells), and the presence of centrally-located endosymbiotic Symbiodinium dinoflagellates . "Quote: Introduction by : Cheryl L. Ames, Anna ML Klompen, Krishna Badhiwala, Kade Muffett, Abigail J. Reft, Mehr Kumar, Jennie D. Janssen, Janna N. Schultzhaus, Lauren D. Field, Megan E. Muroski, Nick Bezio, Jacob T. Robinson, Dagmar H. Leary, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collins, Gary J. Vora: Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana . In: Communications Biology . tape 3 , no. 67 , February 13, 2020, doi : 10.1038 / s42003-020-0777-8 .

[3] Cheryl L. Ames, Anna ML Klompen, Krishna Badhiwala, Kade Muffett, Abigail J. Reft, Mehr Kumar, Jennie D. Janssen, Janna N. Schultzhaus, Lauren D. Field, Megan E. Muroski, Nick Bezio, Jacob T. Robinson, Dagmar H. Leary, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collins, Gary J. Vora: Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana . In: Communications Biology . tape 3 , no. 67 , February 13, 2020, doi : 10.1038 / s42003-020-0777-8 .

[4] Ravi D. Nath, Claire N. Bedbrook, Michael J. Abrams, Ty Basinger, Justin S. Bois: The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State . In: Current Biology . tape 0 , no. 0 , September 21, 2017, ISSN 0960-9822 , doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2017.08.014 ( cell.com [accessed February 9, 2018]).

[5] Collins, AG; Jarms, G .; Morandini, AC (2018). World List of Scyphozoa. Cassiopea Péron & Lesueur, 1810. Retrieved from: World Register of Marine Species, on June 27, 2018