Root mouth jellyfish

Root mouth jellyfish
Lung jellyfish ( Rhizostoma Pulmo )
Systematics
without rank: Holozoa without rank: Multicellular animals (Metazoa) without rank: Tissue animals (Eumetazoa) Trunk : Cnidarians (Cnidaria) Class : Umbrella jellyfish (Scyphozoa) Order : Root mouth jellyfish
Scientific name
Rhizostomeae
Cuvier , 1799

Play media file

Mastigias papua at the Monterey Bay Aquarium .

Stomolophus meleagris

The root mouth jellyfish (Rhizostomeae) are an order of the umbrella jellyfish (Scyphozoa). About 80 species are known, including a. the lung jellyfish ( Rizosthoma pulmo ), which lives on Europe's coasts and has an umbrella diameter of 60 to 80 centimeters, the root-mouth jellyfish ( Rhizostoma octopus ) , which also occurs in the North Sea, and the fried egg jellyfish ( Cotylorhiza tuberculata ) from the Mediterranean . Nemopilema nomurai is the largest root mouth jellyfish. It reaches a diameter of up to two meters and a weight of up to 200 kilograms. Their tentacles are up to 5 meters long.

features

Root-mouth jellyfish have a cup-shaped or domed umbrella that is tentacle-free. Instead, the leadpipe is strongly developed, the leadpipe edges are extended in the shape of a stem and grown together to form a folded, rootstock-like structure. The result is usually eight arms with numerous, frizzy branches. A central mouth opening is missing. It is replaced by numerous small pores in the arms of the mouth. Nevertheless, root-mouth jellyfish can also eat larger prey. They are numbed by the numerous nettle cells on the arms of the mouth, enclosed by them and then dissolved by digestive juices that are excreted from the pores to the extent that they can be absorbed.

With strobilation , only a medusa is usually formed.

Systematics

• Order root mouth jellyfish (Rhizostomeae)
• (Subordination Kolpophorae Kramp, 1961)
  • Family Cassiopeidae Agassiz, 1862
    • Genus Cassiopea Péron & Lesueur, 1810
      • Cassiopea andromeda Forskål, 1775
  • Family Cepheidae Agassiz, 1862
    • Genus Cephea Péron &lesenur, 1803
    • Genus Cotylorhiza Agassiz, 1862
      • Fried egg jellyfish ( Cotylorhiza tuberculata )
    • Genus Netrostoma LS Schulze, 1898
    • Genus Polyrhiza Agassiz, 1862
  • Mastigiidae Stiasny family , 1921
    • Genus Mastigias Agassiz, 1862
      • Mastigias papua (Lesson, 1830)
    • Genus Mastigietta Stiasny , 1921
    • Genus Phyllorhiza Agassiz, 1862
      • Crowned jellyfish ( Periphylla periphylla (Péron &lesenur, 1809))
      • Dotted root mouth jellyfish ( Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884)
  • Family Thysanostomatidae Gegenbaur, 1857
    • Genus Thysanostoma Agassiz, 1862
    • Genus † Prothysanostoma Ossian, 1973 ( Pennsylvanium )
  • Family Versurigidae Kramp, 1961
    • Genus Versuriga Kramp, 1961
      • Versuriga anadyomene (Maas, 1903)
• (Subordination Daktyliophorae Kramp, 1961)
  • Haeckel family Lychnorhizidae , 1880
    • Genus Lychnorhiza Haeckel, 1880 ( syn.Cramborhiza Haeckel, 1880)
    • Genus Anomalorhiza Light, 1921
    • Genus Pseudorhiza von Lendenfeld, 1882
  • Family Catostylidae Gegenbaur, 1857
    • Genus Acromitoides Stiasny, 1921
    • Genus Acromitus Light, 1914
    • Genus Catostylus Agassiz, 1862
    • Genus Crambione Maas, 1903
    • Genus Crambionella Stiasny, 1921
    • Genus Leptobrachia Brandt, 1838
  • Family Lobonematidae Stiasny, 1921
    • Genus Lobonema Mayer, 1910
    • Genus Lobonematoides Light, 1914
  • Family Rhizostomatidae Cuvier, 1799
    • Genus Eupilema Haeckel, 1880
    • Genus Rhizostoma Cuvier, 1800
      • Root-mouth jellyfish ( Rhizostoma octopus (Mayer, 1910))
    • Genus Rhopilema Haeckel, 1880
      • Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891
      • Rhopilema verrilli (Fewkes, 1887)
  • Family Stomolophidae Haeckel, 1880
    • Genus Nemopilema Kishinouye, 1922
      • Nomura jellyfish ( Nemopilema nomurai (Kishinouye, 1922))
    • Genus Stomolopha Agassiz, 1862
      • Stomolophus meleagris Agassiz, 1862

use

In Japan and Southeast Asia , root-mouth jellyfish, especially the Rhopilema esculenta species, are eaten. Many thousands of tons are caught every year and sold dried or salted.

swell

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Makoto Omori and Mimoru Kitamura: Taxonomic review of three Japanese species of edible jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) . In: Plankton biology and ecology , 51 (1): 36-51, Tokyo 2004 ISSN  1343-0874

literature

• Hans-Eckhard Gruner, Hans-Joachim Hannemann, Gerhard Hartwich, Rudolf Kilias: Urania Tierreich, Invertebrates 1 (Protozoa to Echiurida) . Urania-Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-332-00501-4 .

Web links

Commons : Root Mouth Jellyfish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System Rhizostomeae