Holozoa

Holozoa
	Ministeria vibrans
Systematics
Domain :	Eukaryota
without rank:	Amorphea
without rank:	Obazoa
Super group :	Schubgeissler (Opisthokonta)
without rank:	Holozoa
Scientific name
	Holozoa
	Lang et al., 2002

Holozoa ( Greek for "total animals") denotes the lineage of life forms which, in addition to certain unicellular organisms, also includes the actual animals ( Metazoa ). The taxon of holozoa is purely phylogenetically defined. It is determined as the greatest common clade to the modern humans ( Homo sapiens ), a mold-type named in the genetic basis of certain differences Neurospora crassa not belong more with.

Systematics

The sister taxon of the Holozoa is called Nucletmycea , to which, in addition to many unicellular organisms, the mushrooms ( Fungi ) also belong. Both taxa together form the group of the Schubgeissler ( Opisthokonta ). These in turn form with the individual learning of Breviatea and Apusomonadida the Obazoa . The Obazoa together with the Amoebozoa make up the group of Amorphea .

External classification of the Holozoa
Amorphea Amoebozoa Obazoa Breviatea Apusomonadida Opisthokonta Nucletmycea Holozoa

The Holozoa split into two clades. One is the Ichthyosporea , the other the Pluriformea together with the Filozoa . Within the latter group, Filasterea and Choanozoa form the sister taxa . The monophylum of the Choanozoa includes the collar flagellates ( Choanoflagellata ) and the actual animals ( Metazoa ). The two lines are divided on the one hand into Craspedida and Acanthoecida and on the other hand possibly into sponges ( Porifera ) and Epitheliozoa . With the animals , a form of multicellularity evolved within the Holozoa .

Internal systematics of the Holozoa

Holozoa

Ichthyosporea

	Dermocystida ^a

	Ichthyophonida ^b

Pluriformea ^c

Filozoa

Filasterea ^d

Choanozoa

Choanoflagellata

	Craspedida

	Acanthoecida

Metazoa

	Porifera

	Epitheliozoa

a : Includes the genera Amphibiocystidium , Amphibiothecum , Chromosphaera , Dermocystidium , Rhinosporidium , Sphaerothecum .
b : Includes the genera Abeoforma , Amoebidium , Anurofeca , Astreptonema , Caullerya , Creolimax , Eccrinidus , Enterobryus , Enteropogon , Ichthyophonus , Palavascia , Pseudoperkinsus , Psorospermium , Sphaeroforma .
c : Includes the genera Corallochytrium , Syssomonas .
d : Includes the genera Capsaspora , Ministeria , Pigoraptor .

Individual evidence

↑ Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 7-8.
↑ Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, p. 19.
↑ Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 6, 7, 12.
↑ Elisabeth Hehenberger, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, Martin Kolisko, Javier del Campo, Anton S. Esaulov, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Patrick J. Keeling: Novel Predators Reshape Holozoan Phylogeny and Reveal the Presence of a Two-Component Signaling System in the Ancestor of Animals . In: Current Biology . Volume 27, 2017, p. 2045.
↑ Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi, Marianne A. Minge, Mari Espelund, Russell Orr, Torgeir Ruden, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of Animals . In: PLoS ONE . Volume 3, 2008, e2098, p. 5.
↑ Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 19-22.
↑ Frank Nitsche, Martin Carr, Hartmut Arndt, Barry SC Leadbeater: Higher Level Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogenetics of the Choanoflagellatea . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 58, 2011, p. 452.
↑ Gert Wörheide, Martin Dohrmann, Dirk Erpenbeck, Claire Larroux, Manuel Maldonado, Oliver Voigt, Carole Borchiellini, Dennis V. Lavrov: Deep Phylogeny and Evolution of Sponges (Phylum Porifera) . In: Advances in Marine Biology . Volume 61, 2012, p. 1.
↑ Martin Dohrmann, Gert Wörheide: Dating early animal evolution using phylogenomic data . In: Scientific Reports . Volume 7, 2017, p. 4.

[Adl_2019_7-8-1] Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 7-8.

[Adl_2019_19-2] Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, p. 19.

[Adl_2019_6,7,12-3] Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 6, 7, 12.

[Hehenberger_2017-4] Elisabeth Hehenberger, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, Martin Kolisko, Javier del Campo, Anton S. Esaulov, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Patrick J. Keeling: Novel Predators Reshape Holozoan Phylogeny and Reveal the Presence of a Two-Component Signaling System in the Ancestor of Animals . In: Current Biology . Volume 27, 2017, p. 2045.

[Tabrizi_2008-5] Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi, Marianne A. Minge, Mari Espelund, Russell Orr, Torgeir Ruden, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of Animals . In: PLoS ONE . Volume 3, 2008, e2098, p. 5.

[Adl_2019-6] Sina M. Adl, David Bass, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukes, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, Sabine Agatha, Cedric Berney, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Paco Cárdenas, Ivan Cepicka, Lyudmila Chistyakova, Javier del Campo, Micah Dunthorn, Bente Edvardsen, Yana Eglit, Laure Guillou, Vladimír Hampl, Aaron A. Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Timothy Y. James, Anna Karnkowska, Sergey Karpov, Eunsoo Kim, Martin Kolisko, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Daniel JG Lahr, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Ramon Massana, Edward AD Mitchell, Christine Morrow, Jong Soo Park, Jan W. Pawlowski, Martha J. Powell, Daniel J. Richter, Sonja Rueckert, Lora Shadwick , Satoshi Shimano, Frederick W. Spiegel, Guifré Torruella, Noha Youssef, Vasily Zlatogursky, Qianqian Zhang: Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 66, 2019, pp. 19-22.

[Nitsche-7] Frank Nitsche, Martin Carr, Hartmut Arndt, Barry SC Leadbeater: Higher Level Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogenetics of the Choanoflagellatea . In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . Volume 58, 2011, p. 452.

[Wörheide_2012-8] Gert Wörheide, Martin Dohrmann, Dirk Erpenbeck, Claire Larroux, Manuel Maldonado, Oliver Voigt, Carole Borchiellini, Dennis V. Lavrov: Deep Phylogeny and Evolution of Sponges (Phylum Porifera) . In: Advances in Marine Biology . Volume 61, 2012, p. 1.

[Dohrmann_2017_4-9] Martin Dohrmann, Gert Wörheide: Dating early animal evolution using phylogenomic data . In: Scientific Reports . Volume 7, 2017, p. 4.