Cellulose derivatives
| Cellulose and cellulose derivatives ( R = methyl , ethyl , acetyl , propionyl, hydroxymethyl , carboxymethyl etc.) with molar degree of substitution increasing from top to bottom (schematic presentation) |
 (each glucose unit contains three hydroxyl groups) |
 degree of substitution 1 (one hydroxyl group per glucose unit is substituted) |
 degree of substitution 2 (two hydroxyl groups per glucose unit are substituted) |
 degree of substitution 3 (all three hydroxyl groups of each glucose unit are substituted) |
Cellulose derivatives are chemical derivatives of cellulose . Possible modifications are methylation (→ methyl cellulose ), ethylation , hydroxypropylation , sulfonation , nitration (→ cellulose nitrate ), acetylation (→ cellulose acetate ), oxidation , xanthogenation , cross-linking , copolymerization by grafting . There are numerous other modifications. The basis for the production of derivatives are mostly high-purity celluloses. A narrowly limited degree of polymerisation of the cellulose backbone and a special substitution pattern of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are often aimed for in production. As a rule , the aim is a substitution pattern which is independent of the chain length and also uniform along the individual polymer chains.
With an increasing degree of polymerization, the viscosity of the solution of cellulose derivatives increases. Polymer analysis methods such as viscometry are based on this .
Cellulose derivatives are used in the production of construction chemicals, explosives, foods, paints, varnishes, in the paper industry, in membrane technology and as chromatography materials.
literature
- Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer : Biochemistry. 6 edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2007. ISBN 978-3-8274-1800-5 .
- Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet: Biochemistry. 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004. ISBN 0-471-19350-X .
- Bruce Alberts , Alexander Johnson, Peter Walter, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 5th Edition, Taylor & Francis 2007, ISBN 978-0815341062 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karlheinz Biederbick: Kunststoffe, Vogel-Verlag, 4th edition, 1977, pp. 166-171, ISBN 3-8023-0010-6 .