Cereus jamacaru
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Cereus jamacaru |
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Cereus jamacaru is a species of plant in the genus Cereus from the cactus family(Cactaceae). Its botanical name is derived from acommon namein Brazil for the species. There it is also called "Mandacarú" or "Mandacarú de boi".
description
The plants are stem succulent trees that reach about 9 m (to 15 m) in height and form large crowns . The trunks reach a diameter of 35 cm and more when they are old. The segmented branches are four to six ribs, sometimes up to ten ribs due to the ribs inserted in old age. The ribs initially about 3.5 cm high become higher with age. On them are yellow to brown areoles at a distance of 2 to 4 cm . These have about 15 to 20 yellowish to brownish thorns , which are divided into 7 to 9 radial spines and 6 to 13 central spines. It is not uncommon for the total number of thorns to be reached over many years. The thorns, which only form late, are then particularly coarse and up to 10 cm long.
The flowers formed from the areoles and open at night are up to 25 cm long. The outer bracts are brownish to light green, the inner ones are white. After fertilization , egg to pear-shaped fruits with a diameter of about 6 cm and a length of 12 cm arise . These turn carmine to coral red when ripe and tear open lengthways. Inside the fruits are the matt black, about 3 mm large seeds in a juicy, white pulp .
Distribution, systematics and endangerment
The species native to Brazil is divided into three subspecies.
- Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru is the typical subspecies described above. It grows within a fairly large area in the Brazilian states of Piauí , Ceará , Rio Grande do Norte , Paraíba , Pernambuco , Alagoas , Sergipe , Bahia and Minas Gerais . There it colonizes mainly stony soils in the area of the Caatinga . Plants originating from cultivation and then overgrown can also be found outside of the typical distribution area.
- Cereus jamacaru subsp. calcirupicola (F.Ritter) NPTaylor & Zappi ( synonym Piptanthocereus calcirupicola F.Ritter ) grows only 5 to 6 m tall trees with fewer and shorter thorns in Minas Gerais. This subspecies grows mainly on limestone rocks .
- Cereus jamacaru subsp. goiasensis (F.Ritter) PJBraun & Esteves
In the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN , the species is listed as " Least Concern (LC) ". H. listed as not endangered. The subspecies were not recorded separately.
literature
- Augustine-Pyrame de Candolle: Cereus jamacaru. In: Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis . Volume 3, 1828, p. 467 ( online ).
- Nigel Paul Taylor, Daniela Cristina Zappi: Cereus jamacaru ssp. calcirupicola. In: Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives. Volume 3, 1997, p. 7.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cereus jamacaru in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Braun, P., Machado, M. & Taylor, NP, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
