ChKMB

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The Kharkov Design Office of Mechanical Engineering "AA Morozov" ( Ukrainian Харківське конструкторське бюро з машинобудування імені О.О. Морозова (ХКБМ) , the German best known as OKB Morozov ; international appearances, the company uses only the English transcription KMDB ) is a Ukrainian military engineers based in Kharkiv . Since 2012 the office has belonged to the Ukrainian state arms company Ukroboronprom .

history

Emerging from the design department of the Komintern locomotive factory in 1927, the design office was established by the Soviet government as an independent design office for armored technology (GP ChKBM) in the early 1930s. Mikhail Ilyich Koschkin was the chief designer since 1936 . a. was responsible for the world-famous T-34 . After Koschkin's early death in 1940, his previous assistant Alexander Alexandrowitsch Morosow , who had been responsible for the drive of the T-34 until then, took over management.

During the Great Patriotic War , the production facility was evacuated to Nizhny Tagil , east of the Urals . After the victory over Germany they returned to Kharkov, while some of the employees under Karzew remained in Nizhny Tagil and founded OKB-183 there. As a result, there was a competitive situation between OKB Morozov and Karzew (as well as OKB of the Kirov factory in Leningrad) in the development of new battle tanks, which remained until the end of the Soviet Union. While still in Nizhny Tagil, Morozov had designed the T-54, which essentially subsumed the experience of World War II, and after his return to Kharkov turned to the development of a future main battle tank, a project that ultimately led to the T-64 . Karzew in Nizhny Tagil further developed the T-54 into the T-55 and jumped into the breach with the T-62 when an answer had to be found after the appearance of the British L7 cannon , while the T-64 had not yet found it was ready for series production.

Morosov's collective enjoyed Moscow's preference due to its services from the Second World War, while Nizhnil Tagil was always considered to be in the second row due to the nomenklatura. When it finally turned out that the T-64 would suffer from teething troubles for a long time and, above all, was very expensive, Karzew's OKB was commissioned to develop a slimmed-down "mobilization version" based on the T-64, which would be cheap in masses was to produce. This led to the T-72 and is the cause of the external similarity of both tanks.

In 1951, Morosow's office was named OKB-520 , which it held until 1997 when it was renamed KB-60.

The problems of the T-64 were eventually ironed out and the tank went into mass production in Kharkov. As a result, the OKB-520 dealt with its further development and perfection. After the T-80, also derived from the T-64, had been developed in Leningrad, it turned out that although it met expectations in terms of performance, the world's first battle tank with gas turbine drive had an exorbitantly high fuel consumption. Similar to how Nizhny Tagil had previously received the order to derive a simpler and more robust version from the Kharkov T-64, the development team in Kharkov has now received the order to install a modern, ultra-compact diesel engine, the 6TDF, in the T-80. This resulted in the T-80UD, which was later renamed the T-84 and formed the basis of all - then Ukrainian - tank developments after the end of the Soviet Union.

Products

ChKMB is responsible for many important Soviet tanks , including the BT series and the T-54 and T-64 , T-80 UD tanks , and the Ukrainian advancement of the T-80, the T-84 . Furthermore, military tractors were and still are part of the product range.

  • BTR-4

  • BTR-3E

  • BT-7 model 1935

  • T-54

  • T-64

  • T-80UD

  • T-84

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Company description of the company (English)
  2. ^ Matthew Hughes, Chris Mann: T-34 tanks . Karl Müller, Erlangen 1999, ISBN 3-86070-799-X , p. 29 (96 p., English: The T-34 tank . Translated by Jürgen Brust).
  3. ^ Matthew Hughes, Chris Mann: T-34 tanks . Karl Müller, Erlangen 1999, ISBN 3-86070-799-X , p. 36 (96 p., English: The T-34 tank . Translated by Jürgen Brust).
  4. ↑ a b Stefan Kotsch: From T-54 to T-90 - History of Soviet tank construction. In: Main battle tanks in detail. Retrieved September 7, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Stefan Kotsch: From T-54 to T-72 - History of Soviet tank construction. In: Main battle tanks in detail. Retrieved September 7, 2018 .

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