Charles Moureu
François Charles Léon Moureu (born April 19, 1863 in Mourenx , † June 13, 1929 in Biarritz ) was a French chemist . He coined the term auto-oxidation and is considered a pioneer in the search for antioxidants .
Charles Moureu was the son of a farmer and after completing his apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Biarritz, he studied at the École supérieure de Pharmacie in Paris . He then studied natural sciences at the Sorbonne with a licentiate in 1888 and then became chief pharmacist at the Asile de la Seine psychiatric hospital. In 1893 he was at Auguste Běhal with the work L'acide acrylique et ses dérivés ( acrylic acid and its derivatives) graduated and was from 1895 a professor at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie. In 1917 he became a professor at the Collège de France . During the First World War he was significantly involved in the French development of poison gas.
Moureu dealt with acetylene chemistry (alkali compounds of acetylenes as intermediates for organic synthesis) and in 1916 was the first to synthesize dicyanoethine (the second compound consisting only of nitrogen and carbon, after dicyan ). From 1919 he studied with Charles Dufraisse (1885-1969), his student and successor at the École supérieure de Pharmacie and later at the Collège de France, the polymerization and decomposition of acrolein (which he examined in connection with poison gas research). To do this, oxygen had to be present, which led him to introduce the term auto-oxidation. He was looking for substances that prevented this slow decomposition of rubber and odoriferous substances, and came across antioxidants such as phenols with several OH groups.
He examined the noble gas content of mineral water and found constant proportions in the heavier noble gases (heavier than helium). Mureu postulated that these would have been the frequency relationships in the primeval solar nebula . In 1911 he became a member of the Académie des sciences and in 1907 of the Académie nationale de Médecine . He was a Grand Officer in the Legion of Honor . He received the Prix Capuron from the Académie nationale de Médecine and the Prix Jecker from the Académie des Sciences. In 1887 he received the gold medal of the École supérieure de Pharmacie.
His son Henri Moureu (1899–1978) was also a chemist who, after analyzing the V2 technology, was a member of the Resistance after the war and an important researcher in French missile technology.
His students include Dufraisse and Ernest Fourneau .
Fonts
- Notions fondamentales de la chimie organique, 4th edition, Gauthier-Villars 1913, digitized
- La Chimie et la Guerre - Sciences et Avenir, Masson 1920, digitized
- Sur la Science et ses applications 1927
- De la petite à la grande patrie 1928
Individual evidence
- ↑ biographical data, publications and Academic pedigree of Charles Moureu at academictree.org, accessed on January 3 of 2019.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Moureu, Charles |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Moureu, François Charles Léon (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 19, 1863 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mourenx |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 13, 1929 |
| Place of death | Biarritz |