Jiaotong University
The Jiaotong University ( Chinese 交通大學 / 交通大学 , pinyin Jiaotong Daxue in short, 交大 , Jiao Da ) was in 1896 by the then Minister of Transport of the Qing Dynasty , Sheng Xuanhuai ( 盛宣怀 , Sheng Xuanhuai ) in Shanghai founded, and was until 1955 to the most prestigious universities in China .
history
In 1956, the then central government under the leadership of Prime Minister Zhou Enlai decided to relocate Jiaotong University from Shanghai to Xi'an , capital of the central Shaanxi province , based on the political and socio-economic situation at the time , for two main reasons:
- due to the international and political situation in 1955 with Taiwan and the USA;
- from the consideration that there was not yet a university of high level in central and western China comparable to the universities on the east coast and in Beijing.
The relocation had started in 1956 and around 65% of the faculties and faculty, and over 60% of the students had arrived in Xi'an by the end of 1957, despite heated discussions within Jiaotong University between supporters and opponents of the move. In parallel to the relocation, intensive construction was carried out on the area of a former cemetery at a new Jiaotong University; this was ready for basic use in the spring of 1957. At that time, the headquarters of Jiaotong University was relocated from Shanghai to Xi'an, most of the faculty and students had come to an agreement and, faced with a fait accompli, accepted the relocation. It should also be noted that in the 1950s the standard and quality of life in Xi'an were not at all comparable to those in Shanghai. The faculties that remained in Shanghai, such as transportation and shipbuilding, were merged in 1957 in the Shanghai Shipbuilding College .
With the easing and easing of the political situation in 1957, the discussion about the correctness and necessity of the relocation was rekindled by the teachers and students who had moved in Xi'an and those who stayed in Shanghai. After extensive investigations and disputes, the central government decided to split Jiaotong University into two parts, namely the already relocated part of Xi'an, as well as the part that remained in Shanghai, as two completely independent universities, which are now the Jiaotong University. Xi'an University and Shanghai Jiaotong University .