Chrism
Chrism (from ancient Greek χρίω chríō 'I anoint'; derived from it χρῖσμα chrísma 'anointing oil' and χριστός christós 'the anointed', cf. Christ ), called Myron in the Christian East , is a member of the Roman Catholic Church , in the Orthodox Churches , fragrant anointing oil used in the Oriental Orthodox Churches , the Eastern Catholic Churches and the Old Catholic Church , which is used in the administration of various sacraments and sacramentals . It is also used in Lutheran churches and by the Anglicans. Chrism consists of vegetable oil , usually olive oil , to which fragrant balms are mixed.
The spiritual sense of the admixture is that those anointed with chrism, the Christians, should spread the "fragrance of Christ", namely the gospel . The oil is a symbol of health, joy, strength and happiness (cf. the psalm verses Ps 45.8 EU ; 23.5 EU ; 104.15 EU ).
In the Roman Catholic Church, chrism is used for anointing
- after baptism (if Confirmation does not follow immediately)
- at confirmation (as its essential sign)
- at the ordination of a priest or a bishop (as a secondary sign)
- of the altar at its consecration
- of the Church (at the " Apostle Cross ") at her consecration
- the church bells at their blessing (optional)
- of a chalice at its consecration .
The use of chrism in the consecration of rulers ( anointing of kings) is no longer intended in today's Catholicism, but is still part of the English coronation ceremony.
During the anointing of the sick and the anointing of catechumens (during the catechumenate preparatory to baptism or immediately before baptism), no chrism is used for the anointing, but sick oil or catechumen oil . The catechumen oil (Latin oleum salutis ) can also be used for other anointings.
The three holy oils are at the Chrism Mass on the morning of Holy Thursday is usually (or at an earlier Easter nearby day) by the bishop in the cathedral with special prayers ordained . According to c. 880 §2 CIC the chrism must be consecrated by the bishop .
The Myron of the Eastern Churches resembles Western chrism in meaning and application. However, its production (with numerous aromas) and consecration have become more complex over time and are therefore usually no longer made annually.
The ointment vessels for storage of chrism be as Chrismarium or Chrismatorium referred to and often form with the vessels for the other two holy oils a unit.
literature
- Pontificale Romanum. Ordo benedicendi Oleum Catechumenorum et Infirmorum et conficiendi Chrisma . Editio typica, Città del Vaticano 1971.
- Pontifical for the Catholic dioceses of the German-speaking area IV. The consecration of the church and the altar. The consecration of oils . Hand edition with liturgical references. Edited by the Liturgical Institutes, Freiburg - Basel - Vienna 1994.
- Peter Maier: The celebration of the Missa Chrismatis. The reform of the oil consecration of the Pontificale Romanum against the background of the history of rites , Pustet, Regensburg 1990. ISBN 3-7917-1210-1
- Seth Nater Arwo-Doqu: The Missa Chrismatis: A Liturgical Theology. Diss. Theol. (mach.) Catholic University of America 2013. online
- Miguel Arranz: La consécration du saint myron (Les sacrements de l'ancien Euchologe constantinopolitain 10) . In: Orientalia Christiana Periodica 55 (1989) 167-178. 317-338.
- Paulos Menebisoglou: Μελετήματα περι αγίου Mύρου. Athens 1999, 301 pp. ISBN 960-91204-0-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/14/secrets-oil-used-anoint-queen-coronation/ .
- ↑ CIC can. 880
- ^ Rudolf Huber (Ed.): Church implements, crosses and reliquaries of the Christian churches. (= Glossarium Artis. Volume 2). KG Saur Verlag, 3rd edition, Munich-London-New York-Paris 1991, ISBN 3-598-11079-0 , p. 36.