Clathrulinidae

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Clathrulinidae
Clathrulina elegans

Clathrulina elegans

Systematics
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Sar
without rank: Rhizaria
without rank: Cercozoa
without rank: Granofilosea
without rank: Clathrulinidae
Scientific name
Clathrulinidae
Claus , 1874

The Clathrulinidae are a family of heterotrophic unicellular organisms ( protists ), which were systematically regarded as sun animals for a long time, but are now part of the Cercozoa . The name desmothoracida is also often used for the group.

features

The Clathrulinidae are single-celled organisms. They are amoeba with stiff pseudopods (axopods) and sit in a lorica made of organic material. Often these are stalked. The axopodia extend outward through holes in the lorica. This solar animal stage produces two-flagellated, mobile cells, from this stage in turn amoeboid forms with stiff but mobile pseudopodia arise.

The mitochondria have tubular cristae. The microtubules that support the pseudopodia are not arranged geometrically or loosely hexagonally, and there is also no microtubule-organizing center. Dictyosomes occur in great numbers. As Extrusomen come Kinetozysten ago with concentric core and belt.

Systematics

The Clathrulinidae have long been associated with the sun animals (Heliozoa), which, however, are not a natural family group. Due to molecular genetic characteristics, the Clathrulinidae are placed among the Cercozoa . Adl et al. put them together with the Gymnosphaerida in the Nucleohelea group . Close relatives are Massisteria and Gymnophrys. Together with these they are at the base of the core Cercozoa.

There are three types of family:

Adl et al. also include Servetia as incertae sedis in the family.

supporting documents

  • Sina M. Adl et al .: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Vol. 52, 2005, pp. 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .
  • David J. Patterson: The Diversity of Eukaryotes . In: The American Naturalist. Volume 154, Supplement 4, October 1999, ISSN  0003-0147 , pp. 96-124, doi : 10.1086 / 303287 (= Laura A Katz: Evolutionary relationships among eukaryotes: a symposium. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1999).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SI Nikolaev, S. Berney, J. Fahrni, AP Mylnikov, NB Petrov, and J. Pawlowski: Genetic Relationships between Desmothoracid Heliozoa and Gymnophryid Amoebas as Evidenced by Comparison of the Nucleotide Sequences of 18S rRNA Genes . Doklady Biological Sciences, Volume 393, 2003, pp. 553-556.
  2. ↑ David Bass, David Moreira, Purificacion Lopez-Garcıa, Stephane Polet, Ema E. Chao, Sophie von der Heyden, Jan Pawlowski, Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Polyubiquitin Insertions and the Phylogeny of Cercozoa and Rhizaria . Protist, Volume 156, 2005, pp. 149-161, doi : 10.1016 / j.protis.2005.03.001
  3. ↑ Sergey I. Nikolaev, Cedric Berney, Jose F. Fahrni, Ignacio Bolivar, Stephane Polet, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Vladimir V. Aleshin, Nikolai B. Petrov, Jan Pawlowski: The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes . PNAS, Volume 101, 2004, pp. 8066-8071. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0308602101