Colascione
The Colascione (also Calascione , Italian , [ kolaˈʃoːne ]; French Colachon [ kɔlaˈʃɔ̃ ]) is a long-necked lute that was mainly used in southern Italy . The oldest instrument known there is dated 1564. Its forerunners were known from the countries of the Near East a long time before.
Design
The lute instrument, used both as a soloist and as a thoroughbass instrument, has a peg box with flank vertebrae and a body 42 to 54 cm long and 28 to 34 cm wide, with a total length of 135 to 200 cm. The instrument has two to six strings that are tuned in fifths . The long fingerboard is enclosed by 16 to 24 gut frets . Marin Mersenne gave the number of strings two or three.
Colascione was expelled from the Church in Italy in the first half of the 18th century and was soon forgotten. In the last third of the 18th century, the Colla brothers from Brescia identified the Colascione and Colasciontino (Mezzo-Colascione) as novel instruments, which was not true. Nowadays the Colascione is rarely found, for example with the Sicilian Sunaturi .
Instead of a wooden ceiling on the body , some instruments had an oriental-style split parchment ceiling .
In the literature, the Colascione is often confused with the Calichon , a bass variant of the Mandora .
origin
Under Turkish influence, the oriental long-necked lute ( tanbur ) with the name tambura (see today's tambura in the Balkans) came to Naples at the end of the 15th century . It is noteworthy that the Colascione is very similar to instruments such as the Central Asian dotar and the setar . However, there is a deviation, which is given by the bridge on the ceiling to which the strings are attached. It is possible that the setar was developed into a colascione in southern Italy under the influence of lute making.
The oldest surviving Colascione has the bent pegbox of a lute .
literature
- Dieter Kirsch: Colascione. In: Grove Music Online , 2001
- Curt Sachs : Handbook of musical instruments. Breitkopf and Härtel, Wiesbaden 1979, p. 227f.
- Curt Sachs: Real Lexicon of Musical Instruments, at the same time a polyglossary for the entire field of instruments. 1913, pp. 89f
- Dieter Schossig: The Colascione - a long-necked lute of the 17th / 18th centuries. Century Großmehring 2010 ( PDF ).
Web links
- Description and images of various types, on the website of a lute maker (in French)
- YouTube: Saltarello al calascione
Individual evidence
- ^ Adalbert Quadt : Guitar music from the 16th to 18th centuries Century. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1-4. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1970 ff., Volume 2: based on tablatures for Colascione, Mandora and Angelica, 3rd edition ibid 1972 (preface 1971).
- ^ Anthony Baines: Lexicon of Musical Instruments. JB Metzler'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2005, p. 66