Combretum glutinosum
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Combretum glutinosum leaves |
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| Perr. ex DC. |
Combretum glutinosum is a species of plant in the winged family(Combretaceae). The distribution area extends from Senegal to Cameroon and to Sudan .
description
Appearance, bark and leaf
Combretum glutinosum grows as a bushy shrub or small tree that reaches heights of 8 to 10, or up to 12 meters. The mostly winding trunk also has branches in the lower area, which typically grow downwards and a rounded, open treetop is formed.
The gray-black bark can be smooth or rough and cracked. The grayish bark on young trunks is velvety to woolly hairy.
It is a deciduous species that begins to sprout its leaves in the middle of the dry season. The leaves, which are more or less opposite or in whorls in threes on the branches, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. They are different in shape and size, even on the same specimen. The woolly hairy petiole is 5 to 15 mm long. The green, simple, thick leathery leaf blade is elliptical or ovate to obovate with a length of 9 to 18 cm and a width of 4 to 8 cm. The leaf margin is smooth. The underside of the leaf is densely hairy and the top is covered by a thick layer of wax. On both leaf surfaces the 7 to 15 pairs of pinnately arranged lateral nerves emerge clearly and unite towards the tip of the leaf; they are downy hairy.
Generative characteristics
The lateral, spike-like, racemose inflorescences are more or less woolly hairy and about 4 to 5 cm long. The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of about 2.5 to 3 mm and are intensely hairy. The four petals and the stamens are greenish-yellow to cream-colored. The 2.5 to 4 cm long wing nut (Samara) has four wings.
In Burkina Faso and Mali, the main flowering period extends from December to March, from the middle to the end of the dry season, but can last until July. Ripe fruits are available from January to November, or for a shorter period from March to May, at the end of the dry season.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
distribution
Combretum glutinosum occurs in the Sahel, Sudan and Guinea zones from Senegal to Cameroon .
Systematics
The valid first description of Combretum glutinosum was in 1828 by George Samuel Perrottet in Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle : Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , 3, p. 21. The later publication of Combretum glutinosum Perr. cited in Florae Senegambiae Tentamen , 1, 1833, p. 288, plate 68. Further synonyms are: Combretum cordofanum Engl. & Diels , Combretum passargei Engl. & Diels , Combretum leonense Engl. & Diels .
use
In West Africa Combretum glutinosum is used to dye cotton fabrics.
literature
- Helen Vautier, Mathurin Sanon, Moctar Sacandé: Combretum glutinosum Perrot. ex DC. at Seedleaflet , No. 128, December 2007 (section description, distribution, use, systematics)
- M. Arbonnier: Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest. CIRAD. Montpellier, 2000, ISBN 2-87614-431-X
- J. Berhaut: Flore Illustrée du Sénégal. Volume 2. Dakar, 1974.
- M. Marquet & PCM Jansen: Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. In: PCM Jansen & D. Cardon (Editors); Volume 3: Dyes and tannins / Colorants et tanins . [CD-ROM]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands, 2005. Online and Google-Books-Online. In: GJH Grubben: Plant resources of tropical Africa , ISBN 9057821591 , ISBN 9789057821592 : Combretum glutinosum p. 58.
- Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Kreft, H., Guinko, S. (2006): Influence du gradient climatique sur la distribution des espèces de Combretaceae au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l'Ouest). Candollea 61: 189-203. pdf
Individual evidence
- ↑ Combretum glutinosum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Combretum glutinosum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Combretum glutinosum . In: U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thiombiano, G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2008.