Comecrudo languages

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Spread of the Comecrudo languages ​​before the arrival of the Europeans

The Comecrudo languages (English Comecrudan languages ) were a three-language family of languages in America that were spoken in the US state of Texas and in Mexico in the estuary of the Rio Grande . All languages ​​have been extinct since the 19th century, and the only sources available are missionary word lists, the quality of which lags far behind today's standards of language description. Therefore, knowledge of the grammar of the Comecrudo languages ​​is very limited.

The term Comecrudo languages ​​is of Spanish origin and originally derogatory ("raw eater").

structure

  1. Comecrudo †
  2. Garza †
  3. Mamulique †

History of the classification

The existence of the Comecrudo languages ​​as a genetic unit was only established by Goddard (1979) and is generally considered to be certain. Earlier authors ( Swanton (1915) and Sapir (1920)) assigned the languages ​​belonging to the Comecrudo languages ​​to other language families, in particular to Coahuiltec and the Hoka languages .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Campbell: American Indian Languages. 1997, p. 145.

literature

  • Jean Louis Berlandier: The Indians of Texas in 1830. Edited and introduced by John C. Ewers. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1969.
  • Luis Berlandier, Rafael Chovel: Diario de viage de la Comision de Limites. sn, Mexico 1850, ( digitized ).
  • Lyle Campbell : American Indian Languages. The Historical Linguistics of Native America (= Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. 4). Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1997, ISBN 0-19-509427-1 .
  • Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun (Ed.): The Languages ​​of Native America. Historical and Comparative Assessment. University of Texas Press, Austin TX et al. 1979, ISBN 0-292-74624-5 .
  • Ives Goddard: The Languages ​​of South Texas and the Lower Rio Grande. Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun (Ed.): The Languages ​​of Native America. Historical and Comparative Assessment. University of Texas Press, Austin TX et al. 1979, ISBN 0-292-74624-5 , pp. 355-389.
  • Ives Goddard: Native Languages ​​and Language Families of North America. Revised and enlarged edition, with additions and corrections. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln NE 1999, ISBN 0-8032-9271-6 (1 multicolored card, 88 × 95 cm).
  • Marianne Mithun: The Languages ​​of Native North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1999, ISBN 0-521-23228-7 .
  • Edward Sapir : The Hokan and Coahuiltecan languages. In: International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 1, No. 4, 1920, ISSN  0020-7071 , pp. 280-290, JSTOR 1263202 .
  • William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 1978 – current.
  • William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 17: Ives Goddard (Ed.): Languages. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 1996, ISBN 0-16-048774-9 .
  • John R. Swanton : Linguistic position of the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. In: American Anthropologist. Vol. 17, No. 1, 1915, ISSN  0002-7294 , pp. 17-40, JSTOR 660145 .
  • John R. Swanton: Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northern Mexico (= Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin. 127, ZDB -ID 799398-5 ). United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1940.
  • Adolph Uhde: The countries on the lower Rio Bravo del Norte. History and experiences. Commissioned by JCB Mohr, Heidelberg 1861, ( digitized ).